Streptococcal Infections

Duma, Richard J.; Weinberg, Arnold N.; Medrek, T. F.; Kunz, Lawrence J.

doi:10.1097/00005792-196903000-00001

Cited by 222 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…24,29,30 The children in this report demonstrated similar associations. In early 1990, chicken pox and/or pneumonia was present in all three children with GAS bacteremia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Emergence of Invasive Group A Streptococcal Disease Among Young Children

Novotny¹,

Faden

Mosovich³

1992

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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Eight cases of invasive group A streptococcal disease in young children were reported over a three-month period, February to April 1990. The spectrum of clinical disease included: pneumonia with bacteremia (two patients), osteomyelitis/septic arthritis (three patients), epiglottitis/supraglottitis (two patients), and sepsis without a focus (one patient). Three cases followed chicken pox. Three children were in shock at the time of presentation, including one child who had a toxic shock-like appearance. Only four children had pharyngitis. Bacteremia was confirmed in three children and presumed in another three. All the subjects survived. Four isolates of group A streptococci were tested for exotoxin A, B, and C (A-0, B-4, C-1) production. These data confirm the reappearance of a highly invasive strain of group A streptococci capable of producing a variety of clinical diseases, including bacteremia and shock, in a significant proportion of victims.

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“…24,29,30 The children in this report demonstrated similar associations. In early 1990, chicken pox and/or pneumonia was present in all three children with GAS bacteremia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Emergence of Invasive Group A Streptococcal Disease Among Young Children

Novotny¹,

Faden

Mosovich³

1992

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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“…Although Sherman (9) brought a great deal of order to this chaos, recent studies indicate continuing disagreement about exact speciation (2,4,6). However, the group D streptococci can be divided into enterococcal and nonenterococcal groups by properly selected tests (2,3,4). The importance of this separation of the clinician has been pointed out by Duma et al (3) and Wilkowske et al (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Streptococcus bovis and Other Group D Streptococci Causing Endocarditis

Thornsberry

Baker

Facklam

1974

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Seventy-four strains of Streptococcus bovis and 35 strains of enterococci (Streptococcus faecalis and its varieties, Streptococcus faecium and Streptococcus durans), most of which were isolated from patients with endocarditis, were tested for their susceptibility to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, cephalothin, vancomycin, methicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, streptomycin, and MATERIALS AND METHODS Cultures. Most of the cultures used in this study were isolated from the blood of patients with endocarditis and were submitted to the Center for Disease Control for identification or for confirmation of identification. A few of the cultures were from the laboratory's stock collection. These cultures were speciated by previously described methods (4). Seventy-fou.r nonenterococcal group D streptococciwere used in this study. Sixty-eight of these strains were S. bovis and six were S. bovis variants. Twelve of the S. bovis strains were stock cultures, but the remaining strains were isolates from the blood of patients with endocarditis.Thirty-five enterococcal species were studied. Twenty-four of these strains were Streptococcus faecalis and its varieties (nine S. faecalis, eight S. faecalis var. liquefaciens, and seven S. faecalis var. zymogenes). Eight strains were classified as Streptococcus faecium and three as Streptococcus durans.Antibiotics. The antibiotics and their sources were ampicillin, methicillin, and kanamycin from Bristol Laboratories; erythromycin, cephalothin, and vancomycin from Eli Lilly & Co.; penicillin from Wyeth Laboratories; gentamicin from Schering Corp.; streptomycin and tetracycline from Pfizer Laboratories; and chloramphenicol from Parke, Davis & Co.Stock solutions of the antibiotics were prepared with the appropriate diluent. Further dilutions of the stock solutions for use in the tests were made in Trypticase soy broth (TSB, BioQuest).Susceptibility tests. The streptococci were inoculated onto plates of Trypticase soy-blood agar with 4% defibrinated rabbit blood (TSA) and incubated overnight at 35 C. Four to five similar colonies from each culture were touched with a sterile loop and inoculated into 5 ml of TSB. These cultures were incubated in a water bath at 35 C until they had produced a turbid broth. The cultures were then diluted to contain approximately 105 colony-forming units (CFU) per ml.

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“…Therefore, the rarity of enterococcal arthritis is noteworthy in view of the frequency of enterococcal bacteremia. Enterococci were the streptococci most frequently cultured from blood during a 2-year period in the mid 1960s at the Massachusetts General Hospital (8). The Centers for Disease Control reported group D streptococci isofated from 6.2% of the nosocomial bacteremias included in a 1978 study (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%