Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome secondary to group A Streptococcus vaginitis

Hikone, Mayu; Kobayashi, Kenichiro; Washino, Takuya; Ota, Masayuki; Sakamoto, Naoya; Iwabuchi, Sentaro; Ohnishi, Koji

doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2015.07.011

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Prevention and control measures/strategies Early/improved diagnosis and treatment [15,19,69,[79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87] Infection control in hospitals/aged care settings [31,32,39,42,[88][89][90][91][92][93] Epidemiological investigations/improved surveillance systems [94][95][96][97][98][99] Improved quality of housing [15,20] Health education for healthcare providers and patients/community [15,45,85,[100][101][102][103][104] Screening of healthcare workers, asymptomatic cases and post-exposure prophylaxis for vulnerable groups [32] Hand hygiene [15,42] Avoid overcrowding [15] Reduced malnutrition and HIV infection [17] Improved GAS detection methods [105,106] Capacity building of healthcare workers [29] Suggested future preventio...…”

Section: Key Findings or Conclusion Risk Or Strategy Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have suggested that early diagnosis and treatment is an effective way to prevent and control iGAS infections and complications from mild infections [15,19,69,[79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87]. In hospitals and care facilities, effective infection control procedures were identified as being crucial for the prevention of GAS infections [31,32,39,[88][89][90][91][92][93].…”

Section: Prevention and Control Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Streptococcus pyogenes: Public Health Risk Factors, Prevention and Control

2021

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Streptococcus pyogenes, (colloquially named “group A streptococcus” (GAS)), is a pathogen of public health significance, infecting 18.1 million people worldwide and resulting in 500,000 deaths each year. This review identified published articles on the risk factors and public health prevention and control strategies for mitigating GAS diseases. The pathogen causing GAS diseases is commonly transmitted via respiratory droplets, touching skin sores caused by GAS or through contact with contaminated material or equipment. Foodborne transmission is also possible, although there is need for further research to quantify this route of infection. It was found that GAS diseases are highly prevalent in developing countries, and among indigenous populations and low socioeconomic areas in developed countries. Children, the immunocompromised and the elderly are at the greatest risk of S. pyogenes infections and the associated sequelae, with transmission rates being higher in schools, kindergartens, hospitals and residential care homes. This was attributed to overcrowding and the higher level of social contact in these settings. Prevention and control measures should target the improvement of living conditions, and personal and hand hygiene. Adherence to infection prevention and control practices should be emphasized in high-risk settings. Resource distribution by governments, especially in developed countries, should also be considered.

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Section: Key Findings or Conclusion Risk Or Strategy Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevention and Control Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Streptococcus pyogenes: Public Health Risk Factors, Prevention and Control

2021

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“…According to case reports, being in the postpartum period is considered a risk factor for the development of GAS infection, as is gynecologic instrumentation, such as the insertion of an IUD [ 11 ], dilation and curettage [ 12 ] or hysteroscopies [ 13 ]. There are even case reports of TSSS secondary to vulvovaginitis [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian necrosis due to S. pyogenes septic thrombophlebitis: A case report

Guntiñas¹,

Kirk²,

Blanco³

et al. 2018

Case Reports in Women's Health

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The incidence of systemic infection attributed to group A streptococci (GAS) is increasing, mainly in postpartum women. Such infections require multidisciplinary management and prompt treatment, but an atypical presentation can delay diagnosis.We report the case of a 24-year-old woman admitted to the emergency department for evaluation. She had acute abdominal pain and fever 18 h after insertion of a levonorgestrel intrauterine device (IUD).She had a normal vaginal delivery 45 days earlier, and no other significant medical background. In a few hours the symptoms worsened, with rapid progression towards multiorgan failure. Differential diagnoses of late ovarian thrombophlebitis and ovarian torsion were considered. Laparoscopic surgery revealed the absence of ovarian torsion. The microbiologic culture of the IUD showed colonization by GAS.The sudden onset of shock-like symptoms in a postpartum woman with rapid progression towards multiorgan failure should prompt consideration of a diagnosis of GAS infection, so that appropriate treatment can be initiated to avoid the possible fatal consequences of this aggressive infection.

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“…One recent paper by Hikone et al 23 described two cases of streptococcal TSS secondary to GAS vaginitis. Lee et al 24 described an association between TSS and barrier contraceptives, while Wilson25 described a case of TSS associated with diaphragm use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrauterine device infection causing concomitant streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and pelvic abscess withActinomyces odontolyticusbacteraemia

Noska

2016

BMJ Case Reports

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Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are rarely associated with serious infections. We report an unusual concomitant infection of group A Streptococcus (GAS) causing toxic shock syndrome and pelvic abscess with Actinomyces odontolyticus associated with an IUD in a healthy 50-year-old patient. The IUD was subsequently removed and the patient recovered on the appropriate antibiotics. This case highlights the importance of clinicians' high index of suspicion of an IUD infection and prompt removal of the infected foreign body to obtain source control.

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Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome secondary to group A Streptococcus vaginitis

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

A Review of Streptococcus pyogenes: Public Health Risk Factors, Prevention and Control

A Review of Streptococcus pyogenes: Public Health Risk Factors, Prevention and Control

Ovarian necrosis due to S. pyogenes septic thrombophlebitis: A case report

Intrauterine device infection causing concomitant streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and pelvic abscess withActinomyces odontolyticusbacteraemia

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