Streptococcus mutans in Umbilical Cord Blood, Peripheral Blood, and Saliva from Healthy Mothers

Mendes, Marcelly Milhomem; Silva, Camilla Beatriz da; Rodrigues, Denise Bertulucci Rocha; Rodrigues, Bárbara Rocha; Geraldo-Martins, Vinícius Rangel; Ferriani, Virgínia Paes Leme; Rodrigues, Virmondés; Nogueira, Ruchele Dias

doi:10.1007/s00284-018-1532-y

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 30 publications

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“…Riggs et al found that the hematogenous spread of Mycoplasma pulmonis to the rat fetus can occur without amniotic fluid infection and indicated that the fetus itself can spread the amniotic fluid with microbes 18 . Mendes et al found that Streptococcus mutans could migrate from saliva to maternal peripheral blood and cord blood and that tooth brushing increased S. mutans detection in blood samples 19 . However, the mechanism by which oral microbial species move from gravidae to the fetus is not yet fully understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the microbiome in maternal, intrauterine and fetal environments based on 16S rRNA genes following different durations of membrane rupture

Yin,

Yu,

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The incidence of chorioamnionitis and neonatal sepsis increases with the increasing time of rupture of membranes. Changes in the amount and categories of microbiomes in maternal and fetal environments after membrane rupture have yet to be discussed. In order to determine the microbiome diversity and signature in the maternal, intrauterine, and fetal environments of different durations following membrane rupture, we collected samples of fetal membrane, amniotic fluid, cord blood and maternal peripheral blood from singleton pregnant women and divided them into five groups according to the duration of membrane rupture. DNA was isolated from the samples, and the V3V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes was sequenced. We found that the alpha diversity of the fetal membrane microbiome increased significantly 12 h after membrane rupture, while the beta diversity of the amniotic fluid microbiome increased 24 h after membrane rupture. In cord blood, the mean proportion of Methylobacterium and Halomonadaceae reached the highest 12 h after membrane rupture, and the mean proportion of Prevotella reached the highest 24 h after membrane rupture. The LEfSe algorithm showed that Ruminococcus, Paludibaculum, Lachnospiraceae, and Prevotella were detected earlier in cord blood or maternal blood and then detected in fetal membranes or amniotic fluid, which may suggest a reverse infection model. In conclusion, the microbes may invade the placenta 12 h after membrane rupture and invaded the amniotic cavity 24 h after membrane rupture. In addition to the common ascending pattern of infection, the hematogenous pathway of intrauterine infection should also be considered among people with rupture of membranes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the microbiome in maternal, intrauterine and fetal environments based on 16S rRNA genes following different durations of membrane rupture

Yin,

Yu,

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Presence of Streptococcus mutans and interleukin-6 and -10 in amniotic fluid

Moreira

Silva

Geraldo-Martins

et al. 2022

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine

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Oral bacteria, oral health, and adverse pregnancy outcomes

Han

2022

Periodontology 2000

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Periodontal disease is one of the most common chronic inflammatory disorders that affect tissues surrounding the tooth. 1 Generally, periodontal disease can be classified into two stages based on the severity: gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis is a mild form characterized by inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding a tooth or the gingiva, while periodontitis is a more severe form characterized by destruction of supporting structures of the teeth including periodontal ligament, bone, cementum, and soft tissues. 2 Despite its effect on tooth-supporting tissues, periodontal disease is also suggested to have a cause-and-effect relationship with various systemic diseases, such as adverse pregnancy outcomes. 3 Since the first report indicating periodontal disease as a potential risk factor for preterm birth in 1996, numerous studies have suggested the link between oral health and adverse pregnancy outcomes. [4][5][6] Adverse pregnancy outcomes is a broad term including preterm birth, preterm premature rupture of membranes, preeclampsia, miscarriage, intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight, stillbirth, and neonatal sepsis. 3 Preterm birth, defined as birth before 37 weeks of pregnancy, is the leading cause of death among children aged < 5 years. 7 Low birth weight, defined as weight at birth of < 2.5 kg, continues to be a significant public health problem globally, and is associated with a range of short-and long-term consequences. 8 Preeclampsia is a multisystem pregnancy complication characterized by new-onset hypertension with proteinuria, or evidence of systemic disease primarily in the liver and kidneys, after 20 weeks of gestation. 9,10 It is also one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. 11 Neonatal sepsis refers to an infection involving the bloodstream in newborn infants aged < 28 days and it continues to remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among infants, especially in middle-and lowerincome countries. 12 The definition of stillbirth is a baby born with no signs of life at or after 28 weeks of gestation. 13 | EPIDEMIOLOG IC AL E VIDEN CEAccording to a study that summarized the clinical studies from 1996 to April 2020, most studies (232 articles selected, 119 774 participants) in the past 2 decades demonstrate a statistically significant association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes. 14 Similarly, most of the epidemiological studies from 2020 to the present also support a significant effect of periodontal disease on adverse pregnancy outcomes (Table 1). Recent studies continue to investigate the relationship between severity of periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes, as suggested by an earlier study. 15 A case-control study in 2021 (36 cases, 75 controls) indicated that the prevalence of preterm delivery increased with increasing severity of gingivitis or periodontitis. 16 Likewise, another case-control study in 2020 (60 cases, 120 controls) showed that the severity of periodontitis was significantly associ...

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Streptococcus mutans in Umbilical Cord Blood, Peripheral Blood, and Saliva from Healthy Mothers

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Analysis of the microbiome in maternal, intrauterine and fetal environments based on 16S rRNA genes following different durations of membrane rupture

Analysis of the microbiome in maternal, intrauterine and fetal environments based on 16S rRNA genes following different durations of membrane rupture

Presence of Streptococcus mutans and interleukin-6 and -10 in amniotic fluid

Oral bacteria, oral health, and adverse pregnancy outcomes

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