Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by bacterial pathogens of the respiratory tract such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus in uenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis is rare and little is known about their characteristics and potential host risk factors. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study on pediatric UTI due to S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus spp., or M. catarrhalis at a tertiary-care pediatric hospital. Pediatric patients with diagnosed UTI between 2002 and 2020 were included. Patient demographics, laboratory data, and microbiological ndings were extracted from their electronic medical records and the infectious disease surveillance system. Among 46,332 urine samples, 76 bacteriuria (0.16%) and 22 UTI (0.05%) events due to the targeted species were identi ed (S. pneumoniae [n=7] and Haemophilus spp. [n=15]). Of the patients, 17 (85%) had underlying urinary tract abnormalities and 13 (60%) had vesicocutaneous stula. All the UTI episodes caused by S. pneumoniae and Haemophilus spp. occurred after cystostomy. All the patients had satisfactory clinical outcomes.Conclusion: Although S. pneumoniae and Haemophilus spp. are rare causes of UTI in children, they could be the true causative bacteria of UTI even when detected in urine specimens, particularly in the patients with urinary tract abnormalities and vesicocutaneous stula.
What Is KnownStreptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus in uenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are uncommon causes of UTI.Malformations of the urinary tract is risk factors of complex UTI.
What is newAlthough S. pneumoniae and Haemophilus spp. are rare causes of UTI in children, they could be the true causative bacteria of UTI Patients with vesicocutaneous stula could be its risk factor.