Streptococcus pneumoniae in vitro development of resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefaclor, levofloxacin and azithromycin

Koeth, Laura; Good, Caryn E.; Saunders, K. A.; Jakielaszek, Charles

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2003.12.016

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It was not part of the study to investigate the reason behind this low antibiotic consumption but a possible explanation is that patients often have to pay for drugs themselves and may not be able to afford appropriate doses and length of treatment. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics may result in insufficient treatment of the infection and emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (Koeth et al 2004). Another explanation is the low culturing rate (Table 4), which means that in most cases, there is no culture taken before antibiotic therapy and the treatment cannot be adjusted to resistant profiles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Need for improved antimicrobial and infection control stewardship in Vietnamese intensive care units

Johansson¹,

Phuong²,

Walther³

et al. 2011

Tropical Med Int Health

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Summaryobjective Survey of antibiotic consumption, microbial resistance and hygiene precautions in the intensive care units of three hospitals in northern Vietnam.methods Observational study. Data were collected from the microbiological laboratories. Antibiotic consumption was determined based on quantities of drugs delivered from the pharmacy. A protocol to observe the application of hygiene precautions was developed and used. Bacteria were typed and tested for drug susceptibility using the disc-diffusion method.results The mean antibiotic consumption was 811 defined daily doses per 1000 occupied bed days.The most commonly used antibiotics were third-generation cephalosporins, followed by carbapenems, amoxicillin and ampicillin. Eighty per cent of bacterial isolates were Gram-negative. The most common pathogens found in blood cultures were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas spp. were the two most frequently isolated bacteria from the respiratory tract and all other sources together. Seventy per cent of Acinetobacter species showed reduced susceptibility to imipenem, 80% to ciprofloxacin and 89% to ceftazidime. Forty-four per cent of Pseudomonas spp. showed reduced susceptibility to imipenem, 49% to ciprofloxacin and 49% to ceftazidime. Escherichia coli was fully susceptible to imipenem, but 57% of samples were resistant to both ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime. Hygiene precautions were poor, and fewer than 50% of patient contacts incorporated appropriate hand hygiene.conclusion Low antibiotic consumption, poor hygiene precautions and the high level of antibiotic resistance indicate that there is room for improvement regarding antibiotic use and infection control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Need for improved antimicrobial and infection control stewardship in Vietnamese intensive care units

Johansson¹,

Phuong²,

Walther³

et al. 2011

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…Streptococcus spp. develop resistance following repeated exposures to antibiotics (Browne, Clark, Bozdogan, Dewasse, Jacobs & Appelbaum 2002; Koeth, Good, Saunders & Jakielaszek 2004). Resistance to tetracycline, a commonly used antibiotic in aquaculture, has been reported in S. iniae isolated from humans (Facklam, Elliott, Shewmaker & Reingold 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dried leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis as a treatment for streptococcosis in tilapia

Zilberg

Tal

Froyman

et al. 2010

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Dietary application of dried Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) leaves as a treatment for streptococcal infection was studied in tilapia, Oreochromis sp. Feeding with dried rosemary leaves significantly reduced mortality following infection with Streptococcus iniae: 44% mortality in the group fed 8% rosemary, similar to oxytetracycline treatment (43% mortality), and significantly lower than the control (65%). Dietary administration of 16% rosemary significantly reduced mortality because of Streptococcus agalactiae infection in 44 g fish (62% and 76% in 16% rosemary and control, respectively), but not in a similar experiment conducted with 5.5 g fish. The antibacterial effect of rosemary on S. iniae was studied. Activity of rosemary cultivar Israel was reduced during the winter, but there was no significant change in cultivars Oranit and Star. Storage of powdered rosemary leaves at 50 degrees C resulted in fourfold and eightfold higher MIC(24 h) values after 3 and 4.5 months, respectively. Storage at -20 degrees C, 4 degrees C and 25 degrees C and autoclaving (120 degrees C) each resulted in a twofold increase in MIC(24 h). Repeated exposures of S. iniae to rosemary did not affect minimal inhibitory concentration, suggesting no development of resistance to rosemary.

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“…However, the appropriateness and efficacy of cefaclor for this indication has recently been questioned. First, the selective pressure of cephalosporins for beta-lactamase (and especially extended-spectrum beta-lactamase) producing bacteria is well known [12,25]; amoxicillin/clavulanate is less likely to promote such resistance [26]. Second, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters may not be optimal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate and cefaclor in the Italian pediatric population

Nicolini

Donà

Mion

et al. 2015

J Pediatr Infect Dis

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Antibiotics are the most prescribed drugs in children, often administered without any specific diagnosis. In Italy, Family Pediatricians prescribe antibiotics more frequently than in other Europe countries, the commonest being amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate and cefaclor. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children up to 12 years old, included in the database Pedianet, who received at least one prescription of amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate or cefaclor during the period 1S 1 January 2003 to 30lh June 2007. 335,352 antibiotics prescriptions in 110.747 children were included in the study. There were 168.458 prescriptions of amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate or cefaclor, amounting to 50.2% of antibiotic prescriptions. The main indication was unspecified-upper respiratory tract infection (26.5%). Overall, amoxicillin/clavulanate was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic in older children, while amoxicillin was the most prescribed in younger patients. Amoxicillin was the most prescribed antibiotic in all age groups (p < 0.0001) for upper respiratory tract infections, otitis media and acute bronchitis. A therapeutic switch occurred in 0.6% of cases, and was most frequent in pneumonia. This was a retrospective study carried out using software designed for the routine practice and not for specific studies; therefore several limitations on the data interpretation need to be considered especially on the diagnosis. However, the study shows that antibiotic consumption in the Italian pediatric population exceeds the European average, with three beta-lactam drugs accounting for over half of all antibiotic prescriptions.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae in vitro development of resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefaclor, levofloxacin and azithromycin

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Need for improved antimicrobial and infection control stewardship in Vietnamese intensive care units

Need for improved antimicrobial and infection control stewardship in Vietnamese intensive care units

Dried leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis as a treatment for streptococcosis in tilapia

Use of amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate and cefaclor in the Italian pediatric population

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