Streptococcus sp. from Marine Fishes Along the Alabama and Northwest Florida Coast of the Gulf of Mexico

Plumb, John A.; Schachte, John H.; Gaines, J. L.; Peltier, W. R.; Carroll, Bernard J.

doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1974)103<358:ssfmfa>2.0.co;2

Cited by 75 publications

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“…In the US, mortalities of wild fishes infected with Streptococcus spp. were recorded in Alabama, the northwest Florida coast of the Gulf of Mexico (Plumb et al 1974, Cook & Lofton 1975 and in the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries (Baya et al 1990). A massive kill of reef fishes in the south-east Caribbean Sea was associated with S. iniae (Ferguson et al 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Streptococcus iniae infections in Red Sea cage-cultured and wild fishes

Colorni¹,

Diamant²,

Eldar³

et al. 2002

Dis. Aquat. Org.

101

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Streptococcus iniae was isolated from 2 moribund wild Red Sea fishes, Pomadasys stridens (Pomadasyidae) and Synodus variegatus (Synodontidae), both collected in shallow waters along the Israeli coast of the Gulf of Eilat. The site is approximately 2 km from a mariculture cage farm in which streptococcal infections were diagnosed in previous years in the red drum Sciaenops ocellatus. This is the first report of S. iniae in Red Sea fishes. Biochemical and molecular similarities between the isolates from cultured fishes and those from the wild specimens suggest that a single strain is involved, and that 'amplification' and dispersal of this pathogen from captive to feral fishes have occurred. At the molecular level, the pathogen is different from the S. iniae isolates that have been afflicting the Israeli freshwater aquaculture in recent years. Although S. iniae prevalence in the wild fish populations of the area remains to be determined, the northernmost region of the Gulf of Eilat, virtually landlocked and with generally calm seas and weak currents, seems to be particularly vulnerable to the impact of diseases that develop in this mariculture system. KEY WORDS: Fish disease · Mariculture · Red drum · Sciaenops ocellatus · Sea bass · Dicentrarchus labrax · Tilapia · Oreochromis mossambicus · 16S rRNA · PCR Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 49: [165][166][167][168][169][170] 2002 populations increases the opportunity for disease transmission in both directions, since translocated species may not only be extremely sensitive to a local pathogen but may themselves carry exotic diseases that can spread to indigenous wild populations (Paperna 1998).In the Eilat region, streptococcosis has recurred repeatedly since it was first diagnosed in 1996 in the red drum (see Table 1). During the summer of 2000, persistent mortalities of wild fishes in the shallow waters of Eilat's northern coast were investigated. Gram-positive cocci in chains were isolated from 2 moribund wild specimens and compared with streptococcal isolates from fishes cultured in this region in previous years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fishes.The infection chronology, sources of isolation and list of fish hosts are summarized in Table 1. The first case was diagnosed in 1995 in a stock of European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax submitted to our laboratory for examination from a fish farm in Ashdod, on the Mediterranean coast of Israel. All subsequent cases refer to fish grown in the Eilat area (Red Sea). Water in this region is subjected to limited seasonal fluctuations of temperature (23 ± 1.5°C) and salinity (40 ± 1 ‰). Red drum Sciaenops ocellatus were examined during mortality outbreaks in the cages. The tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus, adapted to seawater, were maintained at Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research National Center for Mariculture in the facilities of the Reproduction Department for experimental purposes. The lined piggy Pomadasys stridens (Pomadasyidae) and the lizar...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus iniae infections in Red Sea cage-cultured and wild fishes

Colorni¹,

Diamant²,

Eldar³

et al. 2002

Dis. Aquat. Org.

101

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“…The general clinical signs observed in challenged fish were similar to previous reports of streptococcal infections (Bowater et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2007;Duremdez et al, 2004;Evans et al, 2002;Evans et al, 2006c;Hernández et al, 2009;Pasnik et al, 2009;Plumb et al, 1974;Suanyuk et al, 2008), with fish exhibiting, anorexia, lethargy, erratic swimming, corneal opacity, unilateral or bilateral exophthalmia, periorbital or intraocular haemorrhage, skin ulceration, haemorrhage and dermatitis on the mouth, abdomen, fins, ascites, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and cloudy meninges or cerebrospinal fluid. Queensland grouper examined from the injection challenge had histological lesions consistent with bacterial septicaemia, including multifocal granulomatous inflammatory lesions mainly in the brain, eye, heart, kidney, liver, spleen and gills, similar to previous reports (Baya et al, 1990;Hernández et al, 2009;Suanyuk et al, 2008).…”

Section: Transmission Of Gbs Via Water-born Exposure Has Been Previousupporting

confidence: 87%

“…agalactiae has caused large-scale wild fish kills in several countries including the USA, Brazil, Kuwait and Israel (Baya et al, 1990;Evans et al, 2006a;Plumb et al, 1974). Natural epizootics of streptococcosis from S. agalactiae occurred in Klunzinger's mullet (Liza klunzingeri), Bluefish (Pomatonus saltatrix), Striped bass, (Morone saxatilis) and Squeteague (Cynoscion regalis) (Baya et al, 1990;Evans et al, 2006a).…”

Section: Declaration By Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also known as Group B Streptococcus (GBS), it is capable of causing bacterial disease in wild and cultured fish species from temperate and tropical latitudes (Evans et al, 2006a) and infections have been reported in fish from various habitats including estuarine, freshwater and saltwater environments (Bowater et al, 2012;Eldar et al, 1994;Evans et al, 2006a). GBS has caused significant wild fish kills in several countries including USA, Israel, Kuwait, China and Brazil (Eldar et al, 1994;Evans et al, 2002;Godoy et al, 2013;Plumb et al, 1974;Zhang et al, 2013). Natural epizootics of streptococcosis from S. agalactiae have occurred in Klunzinger's mullet (Liza klunzingeri), Bluefish (Pomatonus saltatrix), Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and Squeteague (Cynoscion regalis) and, most recently, Queensland grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) (Baya et al, 1990;Bowater et al, 2012;Glibert et al, 2002;Evans et al, 2006a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the origin of Group B Streptococcus from disease outbreaks in wild marine fish in Australia

Deboutteville¹

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Since 2007, 96 wild Queensland groupers, Epinephelus lanceolatus, were found dead from Karumba (Gulf of Carpentaria) in Northern Territory to Brisbane in southern Queensland, Australia. In twelve cases, Streptoccocus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) was isolated in pure culture from eyes and internal organs. GBS has been also isolated from other marine species (Javelin grunter, Giant catfish and Squaretail mullet) and caused an outbreak in three species of wild stingrays (Eastern shovelnose ray, Mangrove whipray and Estuary ray) in a public aquarium also in Queensland. These findings have raised public and industry concern over threats to human health from potential transmission between fish and humans, over environmental impacts on other aquatic animals, and over the potential threat posed to the growing Australian aquaculture industry in which, to date, there have been no reported cases of this disease in spite of the devastation caused to the industry overseas. Therefore, my thesis set out to determine whether GBS isolated from dead wild fish in Australia is indeed virulent in Queensland grouper and causative of mortality, to try to identify from where these infections in wild fish originated, to determine potential risk to human health and to other aquatic animals, and to begin to identify mechanisms by which these Australian isolates may cause fatal disease in Queensland grouper. This information may be employed in future risk assessment of potential human transfer, in mitigating further outbreaks in wild fish through understanding origin of infection, and in future development of preventative measures such as vaccination for farmed fish.In order to confirm that S. agalactiae was the cause of the mortality in wild fish, experimental challenges were conducted by injection, immersion and through the oral route. To better understand why these strains of GBS are pathogenic in fish, we conducted a series of cellular immune assays using juvenile Queensland grouper head-kidney leucocytes in the presence of different piscine and terrestrial isolates. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of the piscine and terrestrial isolates provided information on potential origin and potential for transfer between species, and also informed us on critical virulence factors that could be used during pathogenesis of GBS. Moreover, genome analysis gave intriguing insight into the evolution and adaption of GBS to fish as a host and to life in the aquatic environment. To determine putative origin of GBS in wild fish in Australia, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and capsular polysaccharide (CPS) were derived from whole-genome sequences and revealed that all piscine isolates from Australia were serotype Ib and fell into ST-261 lineage first identified in 1986 from Tilapia in Israel. Overseas, ST-261 has only been found in fish and poikilotherm animals, and has never been associated with humans. High similarity and identical point mutations in the capsular operon of the piscine isolates suggests a common source of infection...

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“…Lactococcus garvieae has been isolated from clinical specimens of human skin, blood, and urine and is also a known etiological agent of mastitis in cows (Collins et al, 1983;Elliott et al, 1991;Vela et al, 2000). Furthermore, GBS organisms have been shown to cause significant mortalities among numerous wild and cultured fish species, including menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) (Plumb et al, 1974), bullminnows (Fundulus grandis) (Rasheed and Plumb, 1984), striped bass (Morone saxatilis) (Baya et al, 1990), mullet (Liza klunzingeri), and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (Evans et al, 2002a). Likewise, L. garvieae is an established pathogen of fish, causing a variety of clinical signs and significant mortalities among fish worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report of Streptococcus Agalactiae and Lactococcus Garvieae From a Wild Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops Truncatus)

Evans

Pasnik

Klesius

et al. 2006

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:The isolation and characterization of two bacterial species, Streptococcus agalactiae and Lactococcus garvieae, previously unreported in wild marine mammals are described from a freshly dead bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, from Kuwait Bay, Kuwait, in September 2001. Conventional and rapid identification systems were used to determine that isolates from muscle and kidney were S. agalactiae and L. garvieae, respectively. The isolates were grampositive, catalase-negative, oxidase-negative, nonhemolytic cocci. The S. agalactiae was serotyped to group antigen B, whereas the L. garvieae could not be assigned to any serogroup. These Kuwait isolates displayed considerable homogeneity with corresponding American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) type isolates. Although the dolphin S. agalactiae isolate was nonhemolytic, it was biochemically similar to S. agalactiae isolated from mullet sampled in the concurrent Kuwait Bay fish kill. Some biochemical heterogeneity was observed between the dolphin isolates and corresponding mammalian ATCC type isolates, especially with Voges Proskauer, alaninephenylanaline-proline arylamidase, and alpha-galactosidase tests. Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, experimentally infected with the dolphin S. agalactiae and L. garvieae isolates experienced 90% and 0% mortalities, respectively. This is the first isolation of S. agalactiae and L. garvieae from a wild marine mammal, and the microbial characteristics established here provide pertinent information for the future isolation of these bacteria.

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Streptococcus sp. from Marine Fishes Along the Alabama and Northwest Florida Coast of the Gulf of Mexico

Cited by 75 publications

References 0 publications

Streptococcus iniae infections in Red Sea cage-cultured and wild fishes

Streptococcus iniae infections in Red Sea cage-cultured and wild fishes

On the origin of Group B Streptococcus from disease outbreaks in wild marine fish in Australia

First Report of Streptococcus Agalactiae and Lactococcus Garvieae From a Wild Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops Truncatus)

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