Streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease investigation by one-dimensional plasmonic grating chip

Abstract

Recently, there has been significant interest in researching brain insulin resistance as it has been hypothesized that it may play a role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is brain dementia that contributes to damage to the neuron cells and then patient death. This dementia is ranked as the fifth more dangerous disease in the world. Streptozotocin (STZ) is used to induce Alzheimer’s disease experimentally. STZ is toxic to the pancreatic beta cells and induces insulin resistance. Neuroplasmonin techniques have been used to investigate the ability of STZ on the activity of cultured neuron cells. Neuroplasmonic is a novel technology that combines nanotechnology and biosensor. This technique has been used to record neuron signals in vivo and in vitro. Also, it has many facilities such as label-free detection, real-time analysis, biological compatibility, small sample, high throughput, and low detection limit. In this paper, we introduce a one-dimensional electro-plasmonic nanograting platform that consists of a straight nanorod of gold embedded in a dielectric layer of polycarbonate. The chip is connected with an externally applied voltage to induce tunable PIT and increase the sensor sensitivity. To evaluate the sensing performance of the electro-plasmonic sensor, this chip was cultured with Human Nucleus Pulposus Cells (HNPC). The first step was to measure the neuron cell activity in a healthy case. The next step was to measure the activity of neuron cells injected with different concentrations of STZ (0.5, 1, 2 mM) to induce the formation of Alzheimer’s disease in the cultured neuron cells. The results indicated that the electro-plasmonics sensor had a high sensitivity to the cells' activity and showed good results for the effecting STZ on the neuron cell’s activities.

Danggui Shaoyao San: comprehensive modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis for attenuating Alzheimer’s disease-related pathology

“…The complexity of DSS as a TCM formulation poses challenges in isolating and attributing specific effects to individual constituents (Song et al, 2020;Luo et al, 2023). Additionally, our use of the STZ-induced AD rat model, while beneficial, differs from genetically modified models typically used in AD research, potentially affecting the generalizability of our findings (Dhapola et al, 2023;Kadhim et al, 2022). Future research could benefit from employing diverse AD models, including transgenic mice, to broaden the understanding of AD pathologies (Sharma and Martins, 2023).…”

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanosensing and Imaging in Neuroscience

“…In addition to SERS discussed in the preceding sections, other plasmonics techniques based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) − and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) − offer several advantages in nanosensing for neuroscience such as high sensitivity, biological compatibility, label-free analysis, and real-time detection. For neurotransmitter detection, the coupling of the localized and surface plasmon has been shown to be highly sensitive for the detection of DA in aCSF to reach LODs as low as 10 –12 M .…”

Insight into the emerging and common experimental in-vivo models of Alzheimer’s disease

“…STZ has also been found to promote brain insulin alterations as it affects the insulin receptors present in the brain. Altered GSK-3β level is associated with both Alzheimer and diabetes induced dementia progression [ 19 ]. Studies on various rat and mouse models have proven Alzheimer inducing potential of STZ.…”