Stresemann and the Politics of the Weimar Republic

Hirsch, Felix E.; Turner, H. A.

doi:10.2307/1845822

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Color palette simplicity was determined via the Normalized Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (NHHI). This measure was first created to assess industry concentration (Hirschman, 1964), and is analogous to the Simpson Index measuring diversity in the discipline of ecology (Simpson, 1949) and the Blau index in the discipline of sociology (Blau, 1977). NHHI (and its equivalents) is widely used in science and has recently been applied to color science (Barnes, 2022).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the effects of socialness and color complexity in listing images on crowdfunding behavior

Barnes

2024

IMDS

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PurposeColor psychology theory reveals that complex images with very varied palettes and many different colors are likely to be considered unattractive by individuals. Notwithstanding, web content containing social signals may be more attractive via the initiation of a social connection. This research investigates a predictive model blending variables from these theoretical perspectives to determine crowdfunding success.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on data from 176,614 Kickstarter projects. A number of machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques were employed to analyze the listing images for color complexity and the presence of people, while specific language features, including socialness, were measured in the listing text. Logistic regression was applied, controlling for several additional variables and predictive model was developed.FindingsThe findings supported the color complexity and socialness effects on crowdfunding success. The model achieves notable predictive value explaining 56.4% of variance. Listing images containing fewer colors and that have more similar colors are more likely to be crowdfunded successfully. Listings that convey greater socialness have a greater likelihood of being funded.Originality/valueThis investigation contributes a unique understanding of the effect of features of both socialness and color complexity on the success of crowdfunding ventures. A second contribution comes from the process and methods employed in the study, which provides a clear blueprint for the processing of large-scale analysis of soft information (images and text) in order to use them as variables in the scientific testing of theory.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the effects of socialness and color complexity in listing images on crowdfunding behavior

Barnes

2024

IMDS

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“…The HHI is another most frequently used measure of bank competition by researchers. The HHI has its origin in the SCP paradigm and the work of Hirschman (1964). The HHI is computed as the sum of the squared market share of each bank in the industry.…”

Section: Variables Data and Empirical Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of banking industry and firms' risk-taking: firm-level evidence from China

Khan

2022

IJOEM

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the possible impact of banking market structure on the idiosyncratic risk of financially dependent firms in China.Design/methodology/approachThe study analyzes firm-level data for China from 1999 to 2018 using a two-step dynamic panel system generalized method of moments (GMM).FindingsThe findings imply that bank competition lowers corporate risk, particularly among firms that are highly dependent on external funding for their financing needs. The findings are consistent with alternative indicators of competition, corporate risk, and financial dependence. The analysis of the transmission mechanism – the channel through which competition affects corporate risk – reveals that bank competition reduces corporate risk by curtailing financing constraints faced by firms.Research limitations/implicationsThe competition-enhancing policy should consider the optimum level of bank competition for financial and economic stability. Further research is necessary to define the “desirable” or “optimum” level of bank competition.Practical implicationsIn China, where the banking sector is still highly concentrated, the findings of this study call for policies aimed at encouraging healthy competition among banks. Nevertheless, such a policy must also consider the extent of bank competition that is optimal for the economy, particularly for financial and economic stability.Originality/valueThe paper provides the first evidence of the possible linkage between bank competition and corporate risk in China.

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“…For BGD, we follow Smith et al (2006) and Alves et al (2015), where DIVBOD is measured by the proportion of women directors on the board. For alternative measures, we use (1) FEMBOD, measured as a dummy variable that takes value one if the board has at least one JAAR 24,2 women director and zero otherwise; (2) BLAU, which is a measurement corresponding to the proportion of group females and males using the formula adopted from the Hirschman-Herfindahl index (Hirschman, 1964); and (3) DIVEXEC, which is the proportion of the number of women executives over the total number of directors.…”

Section: Measurement Of Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data were obtained from various sources: earnings forecast data from the Institutional Brokers' Estimate System (IBES) database; board gender diversity and financial data from Thomson Reuters Fundamentals; and country-level data from World Economic Forum database. The authors measure board gender diversity using four proxies namely, the proportion of women directors on the board, a dummy variable for board with at least one women director, BLAU measurement corresponds to the proportion of group females and males using the formula adopted from the Hirschman-Herfindahl index (Hirschman, 1964) and the proportion of the number of women executives over the total number of directors. The study also uses a series of specification tests using alternative measures for each variable and controlling the global financial crisis and endogeneity issue.…”

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confidence: 99%

Women on board, strength of auditing and reporting standards and analysts' forecasts accuracy: international evidence

Ismail

Kamarudin

Ariff

et al. 2022

JAAR

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PurposeThis paper investigates whether board gender diversity and the strength of auditing and reporting standards are associated with analysts' forecast accuracy and whether the strength of auditing and reporting standards moderates the association between board gender diversity and analysts' forecast accuracy.Design/methodology/approachThe sample covers 24,086 firm-year observations from 37 countries from 2009 to 2018. The data were obtained from various sources: earnings forecast data from the Institutional Brokers' Estimate System (IBES) database; board gender diversity and financial data from Thomson Reuters Fundamentals; and country-level data from World Economic Forum database. The authors measure board gender diversity using four proxies namely, the proportion of women directors on the board, a dummy variable for board with at least one women director, BLAU measurement corresponds to the proportion of group females and males using the formula adopted from the Hirschman-Herfindahl index (Hirschman, 1964) and the proportion of the number of women executives over the total number of directors. The study also uses a series of specification tests using alternative measures for each variable and controlling the global financial crisis and endogeneity issue.FindingsFirms with higher board gender diversity have higher analysts' forecast accuracy. Compared to countries with weak auditing and reporting standards, the authors find firms in countries with strong auditing and reporting standards have more accurate forecasts. Further, the positive relationship between the board gender diversity and analysts' forecast accuracy is weaker for firms in countries with strong auditing and reporting standards, as compared to firms in countries with weak auditing and reporting standards.Research limitations/implicationsThis study found new evidence on the effect of women directorships on analyst forecasts and this relationship varies between levels of the strength of auditing and reporting standards, which was not addressed in prior studies.Practical implicationsThis study highlights the importance of strengthening the policy on getting more women on board and the continuous efforts to enhance the strength of auditing and reporting standards of a country as valuable strategies to enhance the quality of analyst forecasts.Originality/valueThis is the first study that employs the international dataset to examine the moderating effect of the strength of auditing and reporting standards on the relationship between board gender diversity and analysts' forecast accuracy.

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Stresemann and the Politics of the Weimar Republic

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Understanding the effects of socialness and color complexity in listing images on crowdfunding behavior

Understanding the effects of socialness and color complexity in listing images on crowdfunding behavior

Structure of banking industry and firms' risk-taking: firm-level evidence from China

Women on board, strength of auditing and reporting standards and analysts' forecasts accuracy: international evidence

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