Stress Adaptation and the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenal Axis

Aguilera, Greti

doi:10.1002/9781118760369.ch17

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…They also tend to be more stable and long term, shaping how the individual perceives and responds to stress in his or her environment. Over time, cognitive-emotional symptoms of anxiety are often described as being uncontrollable and inescapable, similar to how individuals often perceive and define chronic stresses that strain the HPA axis resulting in long-term dysregulation and downregulation (Aguilera, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How children's anxiety symptoms impact the functioning of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis over time: A cross-lagged panel approach using hierarchical linear modeling

Ma¹,

Serbin²,

Stack³

2018

Dev Psychopathol

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Anxiety symptoms in childhood and adolescence can have a long-term negative impact on mental and physical health. Although studies have shown dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis is associated with anxiety disorders, it is unclear how and in what direction children's experiences of anxiety symptoms, which include physiological and cognitive-emotional dimensions, impact the functioning of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis over time. We hypothesized that higher physiological symptoms would be contemporaneously associated with hypercortisolism, whereas cognitive-emotional symptoms would be more chronic, reflecting traitlike stability, and would predict hypocortisolism over time. One hundred twenty children from the Concordia Longitudinal Risk Research Project were followed in successive data collection waves approximately 3 years apart from childhood through midadolescence. Between ages 10-12 and 13-15, children completed self-report questionnaires of anxiety symptoms and provided salivary cortisol samples at 2-hr intervals over 2 consecutive days. The results from hierarchical linear modeling showed that higher physiological symptoms were concurrently associated with hypercortisolism, involving cortisol levels that remained elevated over the day. In contrast, longitudinal results over the 3 years between data collection waves showed that chronic worry and social concerns predicted hypocortisolism, showing a low and blunted diurnal cortisol profile. These results have implications for broadening our understanding of the links between anxiety, the stress response system, and health across the course of development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How children's anxiety symptoms impact the functioning of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis over time: A cross-lagged panel approach using hierarchical linear modeling

Ma¹,

Serbin²,

Stack³

2018

Dev Psychopathol

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“…CRF is a peptide hormone that actively participates in stress responses [22][23][24][25][26][27]. CRF receptors and CRF itself have been identified in numerous extracellular brain sites [28]. CRF administration has also been shown to trigger activation of the pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system, as well as stress-related behavioural characteristics [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective-controlled assessment of stress hormones and pain in patients undergoing myomectomy as performed by laparoscopy against laparotomy

Pados¹,

Katrantsiotis²,

Tsolakidis³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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PurposeThe objective of the study is to prospectively assess surgical stress and postoperative pain after myomectomy performed by laparoscopy versus laparotomyMethodsThis prospective, matched, multi-center observational study, took place in the Gynecological Department of the “Papageorgiou" University Hospital and the Centre for Gynecological Endoscopy, “Diavalkaniko” Hospital. Sixty women with symptomatic growth of known uterine leiomyomas or leiomyomas compromising the shape of the uterus participated in the study. Thirty women underwent laparoscopic myomectomy, and another thirty had removal of leiomyomas through laparotomy from November 2016 to February 2018. Three venous samples were obtained from each patient to determine stress hormones (one before surgery, the second at the end of the surgical procedure, and the third on the morning of the first postoperative day), and a questionnaire was administered on the first postoperative day, in which patients indicated the level of pain through a Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VASP).ResultsAdrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and noradrenalin were significantly lower in the laparoscopic group on the first postoperative day (12.68 ± 9.97 pg/ml vs 15.90 ± 9.02 pg/ml, p<0.025) and 20.7 ± 7.28 ng/ml vs 22.33 ± 5.82 ng/ml, p<0.027), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in cortisol levels on the first postoperative day (11.71 ± 5.82 μg/dl vs 11.81 ± 7.61 μg/dl, p>0.94) and also for β-endorphin levels (4.88 ± 1.57 vs 4.91 ± ng/ml, p>0.61). The postoperative pain was significantly lower in the laparoscopic group on the VASP scale (3.3 ± 1.05 vs 5.67 ± 1.15, p<0.001, respectively).ConclusionLaparoscopy is superior to laparotomy for the surgical removal of leiomyomas in terms of postoperative pain and surgical stress.

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“…This hormone's main target is the adrenal cortex where the production and release of glucocorticoids (GCs) happens. Release of GCs into the bloodstream will trigger the adaptive mechanisms, in a negative feedback manner (43,44). Stress events in an early period of life are known to have an impact in the HPA axis, programming its effects and responses in adulthood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unbiased Screening Identifies Functional Differences in NK Cells After Early Life Psychosocial Stress

et al. 2021

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Early Life Adversity (ELA) is closely associated with the risk for developing diseases later in life, such as autoimmune diseases, type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In humans, early parental separation, physical and sexual abuse or low social-economic status during childhood are known to have great impact on brain development, in the hormonal system and immune responses. Maternal deprivation (MD) is the closest animal model available to the human situation. This paradigm induces long lasting behavioral effects, causes changes in the HPA axis and affects the immune system. However, the mechanisms underlying changes in the immune response after ELA are still not fully understood. In this study we investigated how ELA changes the immune system, through an unbiased analysis, viSNE, and addressed specially the NK immune cell population and its functionality. We have demonstrated that maternal separation, in both humans and rats, significantly affects the sensitivity of the immune system in adulthood. Particularly, NK cells’ profile and response to target cell lines are significantly changed after ELA. These immune cells in rats are not only less cytotoxic towards YAC-1 cells, but also show a clear increase in the expression of maturation markers after 3h of maternal separation. Similarly, individuals who suffered from ELA display significant changes in the cytotoxic profile of NK cells together with decreased degranulation capacity. These results suggest that one of the key mechanisms by which the immune system becomes impaired after ELA might be due to a shift on the senescent state of the cells, specifically NK cells. Elucidation of such a mechanism highlights the importance of ELA prevention and how NK targeted immunotherapy might help attenuating ELA consequences.

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Stress Adaptation and the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenal Axis

Cited by 10 publications

References 109 publications

How children's anxiety symptoms impact the functioning of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis over time: A cross-lagged panel approach using hierarchical linear modeling

How children's anxiety symptoms impact the functioning of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis over time: A cross-lagged panel approach using hierarchical linear modeling

Prospective-controlled assessment of stress hormones and pain in patients undergoing myomectomy as performed by laparoscopy against laparotomy

Unbiased Screening Identifies Functional Differences in NK Cells After Early Life Psychosocial Stress

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