Stress and defense responses in plant secondary metabolites production

Abstract

In the growth condition(s) of plants, numerous secondary metabolites (SMs) are produced by them to serve variety of cellular functions essential for physiological processes, and recent increasing evidences have implicated stress and defense response signaling in their production. The type and concentration(s) of secondary molecule(s) produced by a plant are determined by the species, genotype, physiology, developmental stage and environmental factors during growth. This suggests the physiological adaptive responses employed by various plant taxonomic groups in coping with the stress and defensive stimuli. The past recent decades had witnessed renewed interest to study abiotic factors that influence secondary metabolism during in vitro and in vivo growth of plants. Application of molecular biology tools and techniques are facilitating understanding the signaling processes and pathways involved in the SMs production at subcellular, cellular, organ and whole plant systems during in vivo and in vitro growth, with application in metabolic engineering of biosynthetic pathways intermediates.

Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathway in Response to Abiotic Stresses in Plants

“…As shown in several studies, the application of MeJA increased the resistance of the Norway spruce (Picea abies) to the root pathogen Pythium ultimum Trow [166], induced the expression of the 14-3-3 gene in the spruce plant [Picea glauca (Muench) Voss] [167], and accumulated a high amount of paclitaxel in several Taxus species [168]. The accumulation of JA in response to wounding is a common physiological feedback among all vascular plant species [1]. Therefore, JA has evolved as a plant hormone for stress adaptation, beginning with the emergence of vascular plants.…”

“…Plants grow in environments that impose a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. The primary abiotic stresses that influence plant growth include light, temperature, salt, carbon dioxide, water, ozone, and soil nutrient content and availability [1], where the fluctuation of any of these can hamper the normal physiological processes. Being static organisms, plants are unable to avoid abiotic stresses simply by moving to a suitable environment.…”

Identification and Validation a Major QTL from “Sea Rice 86” Seedlings Conferred Salt Tolerance

“…The electrical conductivity of the water in the soil was measured and showed a relatively high NaCl content at Agronomy 2020, 10, 410 9 of 12 about 0.95% to 1.12% ( Figure S3), which indicated that SR86 has a high salt tolerance compared with other rice varieties. The different performance of SR86 between soil and hydroponic conditions might be attributed to the complex soil environment, such as the soil microorganisms, root exudates, and interaction between the plants and soil microenvironment [30,31].…”

Middle Eastern Plant Extracts: An Alternative to Modern Medicine Problems

“…They are known to be able to tolerate extreme weather conditions. It is known that the plant extracts synthesized by plants are affected by environmental factors, such as the temperature and the availability of water [17,18]. Therefore, the extracts from plants obtained from the Middle Eastern region may provide an array of different compounds with greater variety of bioactivities due to the environmental conditions surrounding these plants.…”