Stress and Human Performance

Driskell, James E.; Salas, Eduardo

doi:10.4324/9780203772904

Cited by 92 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…10 Other studies have shown decreased concentration and declining motor skills in subjects placed in high-stress environments. 6 Cortisol is a hormone that is produced in response to stress from the hypothalamus-pituitaryadrenal axis (HPA). 11 Cortisol rises and falls through natural circadian rhythms, external stressors, or periods of intense focus.…”

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confidence: 99%

Indicators of surgical stress and influence of clinical experience, simulation models, and cadaveric laboratory on the stress response of third-year veterinary students performing first elective surgery

Erickson,

Carson,

Selmic

et al. 2023

ajvr

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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of simulation models and previous surgical experience on subjective and objective stress levels of students performing their 1st elective surgery within the veterinary curriculum. SAMPLE 141 third-year veterinary students METHODS Using a pre–post experimental design, salivary alpha-amylase, and cortisol were evaluated as markers of physiologic stress response before students’ first elective surgery. Student self-reported State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores and quantitative measures of experience were correlated to biomarker results. RESULTS No association was found for change in salivary biomarkers of stress, alpha-amylase, and cortisol, between baseline and presurgical samples accounting for gender, age, type of elective surgery performed, previous surgical experience, or simulation model use. Salivary cortisol levels were markedly elevated falling between the 66th and 99th percentile compared to an age and gender-matched population. Salivary alpha-amylase levels were also 2 to 3 times higher than those recorded by other health professionals. Veterinary student STAI scores were high falling between the 65th and 73rd percentile compared to working adults in the general population. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Veterinary students’ salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase, and STAI scores fell into the upper 2/3rds of the general population, demonstrating a high level of stress. Simulation models and previous surgical experience were not associated with decreased stress. Further evaluation of the implementation of high-fidelity simulation models and the role of stress on performance is indicated.

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confidence: 99%

Indicators of surgical stress and influence of clinical experience, simulation models, and cadaveric laboratory on the stress response of third-year veterinary students performing first elective surgery

Erickson,

Carson,

Selmic

et al. 2023

ajvr

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Effectiveness of participation as a defendant: the attorney–juvenile client relationship

Schmidt¹,

Reppucci²,

Woolard³

2003

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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Recent changes in the processing of juveniles in the justice system place greater significance on children's capacities to participate in legal contexts. Effective participation as a defendant encompasses abilities beyond those legally required for adjudicative competence, which may nevertheless influence the quality and nature of a defendant's participation in the trial process. Based in developmental judgment theory, the current study compares 203 juveniles and 110 adults detained pre-trial using a hypothetical attorney-client vignette to examine how psychosocial factors are reflected in decision-making processes and link to decision outcomes and effective participation within the attorney-client relationship. Age-related differences in legally relevant decision-making processes and outcomes are identified, and implications for policy are made.

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Quick decisions tend to reinforce self‐interest choices among MBA students: The direct and moderating effects of temporal constraint and situational factors in ethical decision making

Andiappan

Dufour

2016

Can J Adm Sci

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Employees face increasingly time-pressured operational environments. Using theory from Reynolds ' (2006) neurocognitive model of ethical decision making, we explore how temporal constraint, consequence framing, and organizational norms affect self-interested decision making in business. Conducting three experimental manipulations with a sample of MBA students, we found the following: First, consistent with previous studies, high time pressure promotes self-interested intentions. Second, unethical framing encourages self-interested intentions, though this relationship is unaffected by the presence of time pressure. Third, unethical organizational norms encourage groupinterested intentions. Lastly, however, when these same norms are experienced under high time pressure, individuals display self-interested intentions. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords: decision making, ethics, time pressure, selfinterest, norms, framing Résumé Les employés exercent dans des environnements opérationnels de plus en plus soumis à des contraintes de délai. En nous appuyant sur le modèle neurocognitif de prise de décision éthique de Reynolds (2006), nous examinons l'impact que la contrainte temporelle, le cadrage des conséquences et les normes organisationnelles ont sur les décisions favorables à l'individu dans les entreprises. Les trois manipulations expérimentales faites sur un échantillon d'étudiants de MBA ont permis de montrer: (a) que comme le montrent les études antérieures, les délais trop courts favorisent les intentions égoïstes; (b) que le cadre non éthique favorise les intentions égoïstes, même si cette relation n'est pas influencée par la contrainte temporelle; (c) que les normes organisationnelles non éthiques favorisent les intentions favorables au groupe; (d) que lorsque ces mêmes normes interviennent dans un contexte assujetti aux contraintes temporelles, les individus manifestent plutôt des intentions égoïstes.

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Stress and Human Performance

Cited by 92 publications

References 13 publications

Indicators of surgical stress and influence of clinical experience, simulation models, and cadaveric laboratory on the stress response of third-year veterinary students performing first elective surgery

Indicators of surgical stress and influence of clinical experience, simulation models, and cadaveric laboratory on the stress response of third-year veterinary students performing first elective surgery

Effectiveness of participation as a defendant: the attorney–juvenile client relationship

Quick decisions tend to reinforce self‐interest choices among MBA students: The direct and moderating effects of temporal constraint and situational factors in ethical decision making

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