2016
DOI: 10.1111/jne.12353
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Stress and Memory: A Selective Review on Recent Developments in the Understanding of Stress Hormone Effects on Memory and Their Clinical Relevance

Abstract: Stress causes a neuroendocrine response cascade, leading to the release of catecholamines and glucocorticoids (GCs). GCs influence learning and memory by acting on mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors. Typically, GCs enhance the consolidation of memory processing at the same time as impairing the retrieval of memory of emotionally arousing experiences. The present selective review addresses four recent developments in this area. First, the role of the endocannabinoid system in mediating the… Show more

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Cited by 83 publications
(53 citation statements)
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“…Hence, the primary obstacle in achieving endocrine homeostasis in the elderly population might be a prolonged response to stress. This stress response could be important in the development of POCD following cardiac surgery [ 14 ], given that prolonged exposure to high concentrations of glucocorticoids can be toxic to neural structures, particularly the glucocorticoid receptor-rich hippocampus [ 13 , 22 ], which is essential for certain types of memory [ 23 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hence, the primary obstacle in achieving endocrine homeostasis in the elderly population might be a prolonged response to stress. This stress response could be important in the development of POCD following cardiac surgery [ 14 ], given that prolonged exposure to high concentrations of glucocorticoids can be toxic to neural structures, particularly the glucocorticoid receptor-rich hippocampus [ 13 , 22 ], which is essential for certain types of memory [ 23 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Much of this research has focused predominately on how acute and chronic stress impairs threat extinction to conditioned stimuli (CS) or contexts via structural and functional changes in the neural circuitry involved in the learning (10), consolidation (11), and retrieval (12) of extinction memories (see ref. 13 for review). In humans, a single episode of acute stress can impair retrieval of cued threat extinction after a delay (14), consistent with studies of patients with PTSD showing deficits in the ability to retain extinction memories following standard extinction procedures (15).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The response to stress (often abbreviated to “stress”) is also complex. The physiological response to an acute stress involves both catecholamines as well as cortisol, and there is experimental evidence that they interact in the brain (Ferry et al, 1999 ; McReynolds et al, 2010 ; Wolf et al, 2016 ). This will differentiate the effects of acute from chronic stress, since catecholamines play a lesser role in the latter.…”
Section: The Complexities Of Stressmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The intrinsic nature of the decision that has to be made is likely to be associated with a more acute cortisol response, whereas a pre-existing state, which may or may not be associated with the context of the financial risk to be taken, will result in a more prolonged cortisol reaction which may also influence that decision in a manner that is different from more acute or short-term cortisol responses (Porcelli et al, 2012 ). Acute administration of cortisol in other contexts increases the arousal response to stimuli, as well as enhancing the consolidation of memories of adverse events whilst reducing their recall (Abercrombie et al, 2003 , 2005 ; Wirth et al, 2011 ; Wolf et al, 2016 ). There are similar indicators in the brain: the reaction of the amygdala (which contains profuse glucocorticoid receptors) to facial expression changes with time, an effect which has been related to its connections with the medial frontal cortex (Henckens et al, 2010 ).…”
Section: Cortisol and Risk-takingmentioning
confidence: 99%