Stress and Well-Being in Entrepreneurship: A Critical Review and Future Research Agenda

White, Joshua V.; Gupta, Vishal K.

doi:10.1108/s1479-355520200000018004

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…While the literature on stress emerged during the mid-twentieth century, based on the work of Selye (1956) and Lazarus (1966), entrepreneurial stress and burnout is a relatively recent research topic (Boyd & Gumpert, 1983;Lerman et al, 2020;Omrane et al, 2018;White & Gupta, 2020). Stress can be defined as "a particular relationship between the person and the environment that is appraised by the person as taxing or exceeding his or her resources and endangering his or her wellbeing" (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984: p. 19).…”

Section: Burnout and The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stress related to business operations refers to the workrelated responsibilities of entrepreneurs. Finally, general life stress refers to the stress experienced by entrepreneurs outside of the work environment (White & Gupta, 2020). Thus, on a daily basis, entrepreneurs experience stress due to their role and their responsibilities at work, as well as their personal life.…”

Section: Burnout and The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk of burnout in French entrepreneurs during the COVID-19 crisis

et al. 2021

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The COVID-19 crisis presents manifest threats for entrepreneurs since their business survival is often directly at stake given the alarming economic downturn. This existential threat, together with their crucial role in the economy, is the reason for the plethora of public financial support schemes being implemented throughout the entire world. However, support schemes for mental health are lacking. We aim to investigate, first, whether burnout levels have increased during the crisis and, second, whether burnout levels during the COVID-19 crisis depend on the threat of becoming ill, having to stay at home due to the lockdown, and/or having to file for bankruptcy due to the economic downturn. We do so using seven data sets of French entrepreneurs with a temporal comparison of averages and two data sets of French entrepreneurs with a cross-sectional analysis of individuals. Our findings show that indeed, the risks of burnout have increased during the pandemic and that the threat of bankruptcy is the dominant threat. As an increasing number of studies in the entrepreneurship literature indicate that entrepreneurs’ mental health influences their activities, as well as the growth and sustainability of their ventures, our study is important and timely in its contribution, as it takes a close look at the perception of burnout in general and more specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic. Plain English Summary The risk of burnout in French entrepreneurs has increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, which calls for not only financial support but also other forms of support. The COVID-19 pandemic presents many threats for entrepreneurs since their business survival is often directly at stake. These threats are not just financial but also related to health, such as the threat of burnout. The findings of our study show that for French entrepreneurs, the threat of burnout increased after the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic. This finding raises the question whether this outcome is due to the threat to health, the effects of the lockdown, or the threat of bankruptcy. It appears that all three factors play important roles, although the financial threat is the dominant threat. These findings call for the extension of entrepreneurial support systems beyond the financial area by also involving an “entrepreneurship care” aspect, which includes telephone support, webinars, and mental help facilities.

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Section: Burnout and The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Burnout and The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of burnout in French entrepreneurs during the COVID-19 crisis

et al. 2021

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“…It requires entrepreneurs to work long and odd hours, affecting entrepreneurs' family and social life (Fernet et al, 2013;Stephen, 2018). White and Gupta (2020) and Adisa et al (2019) further argued that an entrepreneur's emotional attachment with their ventures blurs the boundaries between personal and family life, acting as hindrances to achieving WFB and performance (Delgado-Garcia et al, 2012). Ironically, Werbel and Danes (2010) showed that family life is an essential lifeline for entrepreneurs because it contributes to their emotional strength.…”

Section: Literature Review and Hypotheses Development For Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Entrepreneurs choose self-employment careers for deeply personal and idiosyncratic reasons to achieve self-fulfilment and well-being (Wiklund et al , 2019). Explaining this further, White and Gupta (2020) posited that the entrepreneurial connection with their ventures is financial and psychological. Therefore, Ryan and Deci (2017) and Gorgievski (2016) suggested that future research on entrepreneurial stressors and strain should analyse the stressors that hinder the active pursuit of individual goals that are critical to fulfilling basic psychological needs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the effect of entrepreneurial stressors and resultant strain on entrepreneurial behaviour: an SEM-based machine-learning approach

Arshi

Islam

Gunupudi

2021

IJEBR

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PurposeConsiderable evidence suggests that although they overlap, entrepreneurial and employee stressors have different causal antecedents and outcomes. However, limited empirical data explain how entrepreneurial traits, work and life drive entrepreneurial stressors and create entrepreneurial strain (commonly called entrepreneurial stress). Drawing on the challenge-hindrance framework (CHF), this paper hypothesises the causal effect of hindrance stressors on entrepreneurial strain. Furthermore, the study posits that entrepreneurial stressors and the resultant strain affect entrepreneurial behaviour.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts an SEM-based machine-learning approach. Cross-lagged path models using SEM are used to analyse the data and train the machine-learning algorithm for cross-validation and generalisation. The sample consists of 415 entrepreneurs from three countries: India, Oman and United Arab Emirates. The entrepreneurs completed two self-report surveys over 12 months.FindingsThe results show that hindrances to personal and professional goal achievement, demand-capability gap and contradictions between aspiration and reality, primarily due to unique resource constraints, characterise entrepreneurial stressors leading to entrepreneurial strain. The study further asserts that entrepreneurial strain is a significant predictor of entrepreneurial behaviour, significantly affecting innovativeness behaviour. Finally, the finding suggests that psychological capital moderates the adverse impact of stressors on entrepreneurial strain over time.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the CHF by demonstrating the value of hindrance stressors in studying entrepreneurial strain and providing new insights into entrepreneurial coping. It argues that entrepreneurs cope effectively against hindrance stressors by utilising psychological capital. Furthermore, the study provides more evidence about the causal, reversed and reciprocal relationships between stressors and entrepreneurial strain through a cross-lagged analysis. This study is one of the first to evaluate the impact of entrepreneurial strain on entrepreneurial behaviour. Using a machine-learning approach is a new possibility for using machine learning for SEM and entrepreneurial strain.

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“…For example, stress, consisting of strain and stressors, is an inseparable part of entrepreneurs' lives (Lerman et al, 2021). The entrepreneurial process includes several transition periods, from creation to exit, all of which are uniquely stressful (White and Gupta, 2020). Entrepreneurs are often overburdened and stressed due to time pressures, numerous commitments and deadlines (Duran-Whitney, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friend or foe? The effects of harmonious and obsessive passion on entrepreneurs’ well-being, strain and social loneliness

Bayraktar

Jiménez

2022

CCSM

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Purpose Passion is considered a critical aspect of entrepreneurship. According to the dualistic model of passion (DMP), entrepreneurs’ passion for their work can be harmonious or obsessive, leading to different personal and work outcomes. Drawing on DMP and the self-determination theory, this paper investigates these two types of passion for work and their effects on entrepreneurs’ subjective well-being (SWB), psychological strain and social loneliness.Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a self-administered online survey with 312 entrepreneurs in Turkey. The authors selected the sample using purposive sampling and referrals through snowballing via associations, university start-up organizations, entrepreneur lists and personal networks. The data are analyzed using multiple regression analysis.Findings The results show that harmonious passion is negatively related to strain, while obsessive passion is positively related to both strain and social loneliness. Furthermore, both types of passion are associated with higher SWB. Finally, age moderates the relationship between obsessive passion and SWB.Practical implications The findings draw attention to another dark side to entrepreneurship and a useful perspective to raise awareness that entrepreneurs may think positively of obsessive passion and ignore the negative consequences.Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by showing that both positive and negative consequences of passion may co-exist based on the entrepreneurs’ self-perceptions. It also contributes to the very scarce research in non-western, emerging contexts in entrepreneurial passion research and constitutes the first study conducted on this topic in Turkey.

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Stress and Well-Being in Entrepreneurship: A Critical Review and Future Research Agenda

Cited by 28 publications

References 86 publications

Risk of burnout in French entrepreneurs during the COVID-19 crisis

Risk of burnout in French entrepreneurs during the COVID-19 crisis

Predicting the effect of entrepreneurial stressors and resultant strain on entrepreneurial behaviour: an SEM-based machine-learning approach

Friend or foe? The effects of harmonious and obsessive passion on entrepreneurs’ well-being, strain and social loneliness

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