Stress as an Aspect of Environmental Studies

Brothwell, Don

doi:10.1179/env.1997.2.1.7

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Our hypothesis of marked disequilibrium in early Late Glacial forager adaptation thus remains difficult to test. Improved modelling efforts that more adequately take account of ethnographic hunter-gatherer extinctions/population collapses and efforts to model environmental stress, risk and resilience (Barton et al, 2017;Brothwell, 1998;Stringer et al, 2004) rather than simply changing temperatures may provide productive avenues ahead. In addition, studies trying to refine the dating of the northern Hamburgian sites -including refitting aimed at establishing strict contemporaneity -could provide further evidence for the timing of occupation.…”

Section: Disequilibrium In Prehistoric Hunter-gatherersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Glacial Human Dispersals in Northern Europe and Disequilibrium Dynamics

Riede

Pedersen

2018

Hum Ecol

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There is mounting evidence for the non-analogue nature of Late Glacial ecosystems. This period also witnessed several dispersal episodes of human forager groups moving, for the first time, into previously uninhabitable glacial or periglacial landscapes. In palaearctic northern Europe, these dispersals are associated with a succession of archaeological technocomplexes that are traditionally thought to reflect changing adaptation strategies synchronised with contemporaneous environmental changes. Recent investigations into ecological disequilibrium dynamics suggest, however, that there may be a greater degree of mismatch between organisms and their environments, especially in arctic-type environments and during times of rapidly changing climate. We link these climatic changes to cultural changes via demographic inference. Based on recent dating evidence, environmental analyses and preliminary 2 morphometric and technological analyses of lithic material, we here develop the argument that these Late Glacial Palearctic foragers were similarly at disequilibrium and that coupled with their very low population densities were prone to regional extinction episodes. We focus in particular on the so-called 'Hamburgian culture' and its potentially failed dispersal into southern Scandinavia.

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Section: Disequilibrium In Prehistoric Hunter-gatherersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Glacial Human Dispersals in Northern Europe and Disequilibrium Dynamics

Riede

Pedersen

2018

Hum Ecol

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“…They started with more general ideas of geosystems or ecosystems (Moran, 1990), but over time, when several perspectives were tested, the complex nature of human-environment interactions has received more attention. In general, however, the ecological perspective is still based on the idea of systemic interaction, though there has been some effort to deal with the social dimension by considering behaviour (Bird & O'Connell, 2006) or stress (Brothwell, 1998).…”

Section: The Ecosystem Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Approaches in Medieval Rural Archaeology

Schreg

2014

Eur. j. archaeol.

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In recent years, scientific methods of bio- and geoarchaeology have become increasingly important for archaeological research. Political changes since the 1990s have reshaped the archaeological community. At the same time environmental topics have gained importance in modern society, but the debate lacks an historical understanding. Regarding medieval rural archaeology, we need to ask how this influences our archaeological research on medieval settlements, and how ecological approaches fit into the self-concept of medieval archaeology as a primarily historical discipline. Based mainly on a background in German medieval archaeology, this article calls attention to more complex ecological research questions. Medieval village formation and the late medieval crisis are taken as examples to sketch some hypotheses and research questions. The perspective of a village ecosystem helps bring together economic aspects, human ecology and environmental history. There are several implications for archaeological theory as well as for archaeological practice. Traditional approaches from landscape archaeology are insufficient to understand the changes within village ecosystems. We need to consider social aspects and subjective recognition of the environment by past humans as a crucial part of human–nature interaction. Use of the perspective of village ecosystems as a theoretical background offers a way to examine individual historical case studies with close attention to human agency. Thinking in terms of human ecology and environmental history raises awareness of some interrelations that are crucial to understanding past societies and cultural change.

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“…Stress is regarded as a basic reason for the transformation of behavior as well as an important premise for the reshaping of culture systems and the elaboration of a new way of adaptation. 45 Stresses and stressors are characterized mainly through their classifications. In English-language literature, differentiation of stresses based on their spheres of influence and the potential for overcoming them is one of the most popular.…”

Section: The Concept Of Stress and Theories About Overcoming It mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Environmental Approach to Prehistoric Studies: Concepts and Theories

Smyntyna

2003

History and Theory

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This article examines the main approaches to prehistoric environmental studies. The history of theories and concepts used in contemporary prehistory, archaeology, cultural and social anthropology, ecology, sociology, psychology, and demography is discussed. The author concludes with a plea for the concept of "living space" as a way to address certain problems in interdisciplinary studies of prehistoric societies. 45

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Stress as an Aspect of Environmental Studies

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Late Glacial Human Dispersals in Northern Europe and Disequilibrium Dynamics

Late Glacial Human Dispersals in Northern Europe and Disequilibrium Dynamics

Ecological Approaches in Medieval Rural Archaeology

The Environmental Approach to Prehistoric Studies: Concepts and Theories

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