Stress at Work: An Evaluation of Occupational Stressors as Reported by a Multicultural New Zealand Workforce

Dryson, Evan; Scragg, Robert; Metcalf, Patricia; Baker, John R.

doi:10.1179/oeh.1996.2.1.18

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Men were 52% more likely to report moderate stress and 43% more likely to report a very or extremely stressful job compared with females in the same occupation. A New Zealand study of 41 companies reported a higher risk of work-related stressors for men, even after adjusting for occupation 17. While women generally report more workplace stressors and poorer psychosocial working conditions than men, the current evidence for a gender difference in work-related stress as an outcome is inconsistent 3…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Gender differences in occupational exposure patterns

et al. 2011

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Objectives:We conducted a population-based survey to examine gender differences in occupational exposure patterns and to investigate whether any observed differences are due to: a) gender differences in occupational distribution; and/or b) gender differences in tasks within occupations. Methods:Men and women aged 20-64 years were randomly selected from the Electoral Roll and invited to take part in a telephone interview, which collected information on selfreported occupational exposure to specific dusts and chemicals, physical exposures, and organisational factors. We used logistic regression to calculate prevalence odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing the exposure prevalence of males (n=1,431) and females (n=1,572), adjusting for age. To investigate whether men and women in the same occupation were equally exposed, we also matched males to females on current occupation (5-digit code) (n=1,208) and conducted conditional logistic regression adjusting for age. Results:Overall, male workers were two to four times more likely to report exposure to dust and chemical substances, loud noise, irregular hours, night shifts, and vibrating tools. Women were 30% more likely to report repetitive tasks and working at high speed and more likely to report exposure to disinfectants, hair dyes, and textile dust. When men were compared with women with the same job title, gender differences were attenuated. However, males remained significantly more likely to report exposure to welding fumes, herbicides, wood dust, solvents, tools that vibrate, irregular hours, and night shift work. Women remained more likely to report repetitive tasks and working at high speed, and in addition were more likely to report awkward or tiring positions compared to men with the same job title. Conclusion:This population-based study showed substantial differences in occupational exposure patterns between men and women, due to both gender differences in occupational distribution as well as the gender segregation of tasks within the same job.3

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Gender differences in occupational exposure patterns

et al. 2011

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“…This country has a population of approximately 4.4 million people, with the major ethnic groups being European (77%), Māori (indigenous peoples, 15%), Asian (10%), and Pasifika (7%) 14) . In the past years, several instruments measuring psychosocial work characteristics have been applied in New Zealand, such as McLean's Stress-at-work Questionnaire 15) , Cooper's Job Stress Questionnaire 16) , and the Whitehall II Psychosocial Work Questionnaire 17) . Yet, to the best of our knowledge, there are no scientific reports on the ERI measure from this country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validating the short measure of the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire in older workers in the context of New Zealand

Herr

Allen

et al. 2017

Journal of Occupational Health

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Objectives: The objective of this study was to validate a short version of the Effort-Reward-Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire in the context of New Zealand among older full-time and part-time employees. Methods: Data were collected from 1694 adults aged 48-83 years (mean 60 years, 53% female) who reported being in full- or part-time paid employment in the 2010 wave of the New Zealand Health, Work and Retirement study. Scale reliability was evaluated by item-total correlations and Cronbach's alpha. Factorial validity was assessed using multi-group confirmatory factor analyses assessing nested models of configural, metric, scalar and strict invariance across full- and part-time employment groups. Logistic regressions estimated associations of effort-reward ratio and over-commitment with poor physical/mental health, and depressive symptoms. Results: Internal consistency of ERI scales was high across employment groups: effort 0.78-0.76; reward 0.81-0.77, and over-commitment 0.83-0.80. The three-factor model displayed acceptable fit in the overall sample (X2/df = 10.31; CFI = 0.95; TLI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.075), and decrements in model fit indices provided evidence for strict invariance of the three-factor ERI model across full-time and part-time employment groups. High effort-reward ratio scores were consistently associated with poor mental health and depressive symptoms for both employment groups. High over-commitment was associated with poor mental health and depressive symptoms in both groups and also with poor physical health in the full-time employment group. Conclusions: The short ERI questionnaire appears to be a valid instrument to assess adverse psychosocial work characteristics in old full-time and part-time employees in New Zealand.

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