Stress, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and tobacco smoking: The i-Share study

Galèra, Cédric; Salla, Julie; Montagni, Ilaria; Hanne-Poujade, S.; Salamon, R.; Grondin, Olivier; Guichard, Elie; Bouvard, Manuel; Tzourio, Christophe; Michel, Grégory

doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.07.007

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This shows that students are always under constant fear of getting low grades irrespective of their current GPAs. Similar to a previous study that looked at the association between ADHD symptoms and smoking, which concluded that the relationship was significantly positive [13], the current study found a high percentage of smokers among the medical users of stimulants compared to the non-users group (79.5% and 18.7%, respectively).…”

Section: Illicit Use (N = 29)supporting

confidence: 86%

Illicit Stimulant Use among Medical Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Alrakaf

Binyousef

Altammami

et al. 2020

Cureus

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This study aims to assess the prevalence of illicit use of stimulants and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among a sample of medical students at the main universities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and their motivation for use. We examine the association between the use of stimulants and the students' academic performance. We also look into the possible adverse consequences of illicit stimulant use among students. The competitive nature of medical school might place the students at a higher risk of using stimulant drugs illicitly. Acquiring these stimulants illegally has become easier since the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD have risen. We are unaware of any other study exploring the prevalence of and motivation for illicit use of stimulants among medical students in Riyadh. A cross-sectional web-based survey was the study design we chose as we were targeting medical students in three governmental medical colleges in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The total sample population of 1,177 participants was divided into the three following groups: no previous use of stimulant drugs (Group 1), illicit use (Group 2), and medical use (Group 3). Of the 1,177 medical students, 29 (2.46%) were found to be using stimulants illicitly; 39 (3.31%) were using the stimulants medically as they had been diagnosed with ADHD. The ability to prolong study time was reported as the most common motive for illicit use by many students. The present study contributes to the literature by casting light on this serious issue in Riyadh. More educational effort is needed to promote awareness about the adverse effects of ADHD drugs and their illicit use among students.

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Section: Illicit Use (N = 29)supporting

confidence: 86%

Illicit Stimulant Use among Medical Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Alrakaf

Binyousef

Altammami

et al. 2020

Cureus

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“…Barriers to healthy dietary choices were also found among Sri Lankan school children [25]. Moreover, academic and psychological stress are found to be associated with alcohol consumption [26] and cigarette smoking [27]. Considering the above facts, Sri Lankan AL students could have potential risk factors for GORD symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, associated factors and medication for symptoms related to gastroesophageal reflux disease among 1114 private-tuition students of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka

et al. 2020

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Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a chronic and a common condition worldwide which causes mild to severe symptoms. Private tuition attendees are a group which could have potential risk factors for GORD. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence, associated factors and medication for symptoms related to GORD among advanced level private-tuition attendees of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among students aged ≥18 years. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Students scoring ≥ eight on the Frequency Scale for Symptoms of GORD were categorised to have symptoms related to GORD. Logistic regression was performed to determine the significant association between the variables of interest and the presence of symptoms related to GORD (P < 0.05). Results: Data of 1114 students were included for the analysis. A high prevalence of symptoms related to GORD (52%-580/1114) was noted. Heartburn received the highest score among GORD symptoms. Biology students had the highest prevalence of GORD symptoms (63%-127/201). Also, Biology students had the highest percentage for the utilisation of overall (17%-35/201) and prescribed (13%-27/201) medication for GORD symptoms. Presence of symptoms related to GORD was significantly associated with female sex [OR-0.436 (95% CI 0.342-0.555)], being boarded [OR-2.021 (95% CI 1.325-3.083)], chronic illness [OR-2.632 (95% CI 1.439-4.813)], midnight snack [OR-1.776 (95% CI 1.379-2.287)], frequent lack of breakfast [OR-2.145 (95% CI 1.688, 2.725)], quick eating [OR-1.394 (95% CI 1.091-1.780)] and inadequate sleep [OR-2.077 (95% CI 1.624-2.655)]. Conclusion: A high prevalence of symptoms related to GORD in comparison to previous literature was found among private tuition attendees. Possible reasons for the above findings were discussed.

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“…In fact, nicotine dependence assessed by the HSI yielded no genetic association in the present sample, suggesting that the genetic influence of nAChRs may rather exert on the number of CPD than on other symptoms of loss of control over nicotine intake. In this population, both phenomena may thus rely on more distinct risk factors than in the general population, suggesting that tobacco smoking may further be used to cope with other drugs craving/adverse effects [33] or attention deficits [34], which may overall be mediated by the relationship of these symptoms with perceived stress [35]. The discrepancy between CPD and HSI has been previously reported [36], and HSI itself remains a proxy for the full DSM nicotine dependence syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Gene-Gene interactions and pleiotropy in the brain nicotinic pathway associated with the heaviness and precocity of tobacco smoking among outpatients with multiple substance use disorders

Icick

Besson

Zerdazi

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Introduction: Tobacco smoking is a major health burden worldwide, especially in populations suffering from other substance use disorders (SUDs). Several smoking phenotypes have been associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Yet, little is known about the genetics of tobacco smoking in populations with other SUDs, particularly regarding gene-gene interactions and pleiotropy, which are likely involved in the polygenic architecture of SUDs. Thus, we undertook a candidate pathway association study of nAChR-related genes and smoking phenotypes in a sample of SUD patients.Methods: 493 patients with genetically-verified Caucasian ancestry were characterized extensively regarding patterns of tobacco smoking, other SUDs, and 83 SNPs from the nicotinic pathway, encompassing all brain nAChR subunits and metabolic/chaperone/trafficking proteins. Single-SNP, gene-based and SNP x SNP interactions analyses were performed to investigate associations with relevant tobacco smoking phenotypes. This included Bayesian analyses to detect pleiotropy, and adjustment on clinical and sociodemographic confounders. Results:After multiple adjustment, we found independent associations between CHRNA3 rs8040868 and a higher number of cigarettes per day (CPD), and between RIC3 rs11826236 and a lower age at smoking initiation. Two SNP x SNP interactions were associated with age at onset (AAO) of daily smoking. There was pleiotropy regarding three SNPs in CHRNA3 (CPD, AAO daily smoking), ACHE (CPD, HSI) and CHRNB4 (CPD, both AAOs). Discussion:Despite limitations, the present study shows that the genetics of tobacco smoking in SUD patients are both distinct and partially shared across smoking phenotypes, and involve metabolic and chaperone effectors of the nicotinic pathway.

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Stress, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and tobacco smoking: The i-Share study

Abstract: Stress and ADHD contribute independently to the risk of smoking. Interventions targeting each condition are likely to reduce the burden of tobacco use in students.

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Illicit Stimulant Use among Medical Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Illicit Stimulant Use among Medical Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Prevalence, associated factors and medication for symptoms related to gastroesophageal reflux disease among 1114 private-tuition students of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka

Gene-Gene interactions and pleiotropy in the brain nicotinic pathway associated with the heaviness and precocity of tobacco smoking among outpatients with multiple substance use disorders

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