Stress-corrosion-cracking assessment of X52 pipeline steel exposed to mexican soils

Lizárraga, C. R.; Pérez, Teresa E.; Galván-Martínez, Ricardo; Quej-Aké, L.; Contreras, A.

doi:10.17222/mit.2018.018

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…This technique provides useful information on SCC susceptibility of the actual pipeline steels exposed to external and internal solutions, in addition to a relatively short experimental time to evaluate SCC susceptibility of metal materials [ 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. There are several mobile constant extension rate machines used in the SSRT to determine SCC susceptibility of metals exposed to corrosive environments [ 59 , 60 ].…”

Section: A Review Of the Scc Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Electrochemical Parameters and Their Impact on the Internal and External SCC of Carbon Steel Pipelines

et al. 2020

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The review presented herein is regarding the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) phenomena of carbon steel pipelines affected by the corrosive electrolytes that comes from external (E) and internal (I) environments, as well as the susceptibility and tensile stress on the SCC. Some useful tools are presented including essential aspects for determining and describing the E-SCC and I-SCC in oil and gas pipelines. Therefore, this study aims to present a comprehensive and critical review of a brief experimental summary, and a comparison of physicochemical, mechanical, and electrochemical data affecting external and internal SCC in carbon steel pipelines exposed to corrosive media have been conducted. The SCC, hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC), hydrogen embrittlement, and sulfide stress cracking (SSC) are attributed to the pH, and to hydrogen becoming more corrosive by combining external and internal sources promoting cracking, such as sulfide compounds, acidic soils, acidic atmospheric compounds, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, organic acids (acetic acid, mainly), bacteria induced corrosion, cathodic polarization, among others. SCC growth is a reaction between the microstructural, chemical, and mechanical effects and it depends on the external and internal environmental sources promoting unpredictable cracks and fractures. In some cases, E-SCC could be initiated by hydrogen that comes from the over-voltage during the cathodic protection processes. I-SCC could be activated by over-operating pressure and temperature at flowing media during the production, gathering, storage and transportation of wet hydrocarbons through pipelines. The mechanical properties related to I-SCC were higher in comparison with those reviewed by E-SCC, suggesting that pipelines suffer more susceptibility to I-SCC. When a pipeline is designed, the internal fluid being transported (changes of environments) and the external environment concerning SCC should be considered. This review offers a good starting point for newcomers into the field, it is written as a tutorial, and covers a large number of basic standards in the area.

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Section: A Review Of the Scc Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Electrochemical Parameters and Their Impact on the Internal and External SCC of Carbon Steel Pipelines

et al. 2020

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Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior in API 5L Steels for Sour Service

Blanco

Hallen

2022

Advances in Engineering Research and Application

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Corrosion behavior of low carbon steels and other non-ferrous metals exposed to a real calcareous soil environment

et al. 2022

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The corrosion behavior of four uncoated low carbon steels: X52, X60, X65, and X70, and three non-ferrous metals: copper, bronze, and magnesium, buried in a real calcareous soil, after a year of exposure time was studied. Samples were not cathodically protected on gravimetric testing in field conditions. Severe roughness and color changes occurred in metals and surface evidenced the presence of rust and calcareous deposits. Oxide scale was generated when metals were immersed in calcareous soil for nine months. In field conditions, X52 was the most corrosion resistant and X65 the most susceptible to corrosion. At laboratory level, a real calcareous soil tested by electrochemical methods exhibited the same trend, which was ascribed to difference in microstructure and phase distribution in steels. Corrosion enhanced when X65 was exposed to calcareous soil collected in spring (0.031 mm/year) and rainy summer (0.077 mm/year), as rain enhanced ions mobility and corrosion. Non-ferrous coupons suggested that a passivation process occurred as corrosion rates (CRs) decreased (0.0025–0.0052 mm/year) compared with the results of low carbon steels.

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Stress-corrosion-cracking assessment of X52 pipeline steel exposed to mexican soils

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Analysis of the Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Electrochemical Parameters and Their Impact on the Internal and External SCC of Carbon Steel Pipelines

Analysis of the Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Electrochemical Parameters and Their Impact on the Internal and External SCC of Carbon Steel Pipelines

Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior in API 5L Steels for Sour Service

Corrosion behavior of low carbon steels and other non-ferrous metals exposed to a real calcareous soil environment

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