Stress corrosion cracking in pipelines

Zheng, Wenyue; Elboujdaîni, M.; Revie, R. Winston

doi:10.1533/9780857093769.4.749

Cited by 34 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, a high fraction of HABs is also measured, which can promote high pH SCC to initiate and propagate [5]. The microstructure of this steel is thus typically susceptible to high pH SCC [5,11,21,22].…”

Section: Microstructure and Stresses Implications In Stress Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For Class 1 locations, for example (offshore, or location unit that has 10 or fewer buildings intended for human occupancy), the maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP) is 80% of SMYS [22]. However, the areas of pipelines presenting greatest risk of high pH SCC have been defined for MAOP >60% of SMYS [23].…”

Section: Microstructure and Stresses Implications In Stress Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the areas of pipelines presenting greatest risk of high pH SCC have been defined for MAOP >60% of SMYS [23]. For high pH SCC to occur, the stress or the stress intensity factor must be above a threshold stress, which is reduced by small amplitude and low frequency stress fluctuations superimposed on the mean stress [22]. It has been shown that the threshold stress for an X52 steel decreased to 40% of the SMYS when stress fluctuations of 15% of the mean stress were applied every 12 days [24].…”

Section: Microstructure and Stresses Implications In Stress Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural, Mechanical, Texture and Residual Stress Characterizations of X52 Pipeline Steel

Lavigne

Kotousov

Luzin

2017

Metals

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Abstract:In this paper, the microstructural and mechanical properties of a high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) API 5L X52 steel, which is widely utilized in the construction of gas pipelines, were characterized with optical microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and standard mechanical tests. The outcomes of these characterizations were used to evaluate the strengthening contributions of the solid solution, grain size, dislocations, and precipitates to the overall strength of the steel. In addition, texture and residual stresses were determined with neutron diffraction. The residual stresses were found to be low in comparison with the expected stresses due to the operating pressure. However, these stresses could contribute to the initiation and propagation of stress corrosion cracking at the outer surface of the pipe. Neutron diffraction results also suggested that the outer surface of the pipe had a texture that is expected to have a low resistance to high pH stress corrosion cracking. Both conclusions were found to be consistent with field observations.

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Section: Microstructure and Stresses Implications In Stress Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microstructure and Stresses Implications In Stress Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microstructure and Stresses Implications In Stress Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural, Mechanical, Texture and Residual Stress Characterizations of X52 Pipeline Steel

Lavigne

Kotousov

Luzin

2017

Metals

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“…The total value of longitudinal strains ε l will be the sum of these strains ε lext (8) caused by external forces and the internal pressure of the medium ε lp :…”

Section: Principle Of Operation Of the Strain Transducermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Material fatigue of a pipe wall causes that as the time passes the resistance to pressure of the polyethylene pipelines decreases, due to the so-called stress corrosion [8].…”

Section: Transducer Application In Pipeline Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Testing of the Strain Transducer for Measuring Deformations of Pipelines Operating in the Mining-deformable Ground Environment

Gawędzki

Tarnowski

2015

Measurement Science Review

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Design and laboratory test results of the strain transducer intended for monitoring and assessing stress states of pipelines sited in mining areas are presented in this paper. This transducer allows measuring strains of pipelines subjected to external forces -being the mining operations effect. Pipeline strains can have a direct influence on a tightness loss and penetration of the transported fluid into the environment. The original strain gauge transducer was proposed for performing measurements of strains. It allows measuring circumferential strains and determining the value and direction of the main longitudinal strain. This strain is determined on the basis of measuring component longitudinal strains originating from axial forces and the resultant bending moment. The main purpose of investigations was the experimental verification of the possibility of applying the strain transducer for measuring strains of polyethylene pipelines. The obtained results of the transducer subjected to influences of tensile and compression forces are presented and tests of relaxation properties of polyethylene are performed.

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Inclined stress corrosion cracks in gas pipeline steels: morphology and implications

Zadow

Gamboa

Lavigne

2014

Materials & Corrosion

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A systematic morphological survey was carried out on 120 stress corrosion cracks (SCC) from an ex service X65 Australian gas pipeline. Out of these cracks, 81% showed a tendency to grow into the material away from the perpendicular. The inclined crack path was suggested to be due to anisotropic residual stress/strains present in the material introduced during pipe manufacturing processes. The overall depth of inclined SCC cracks was found to follow a logarithmic relationship to the SCC surface crack length. Hoop travel was defined as the distance that the crack tip travels in the pipe hoop direction as it grows into the material. The specific hoop travel distance was found to follow a linear relationship as a function of the SCC surface crack length. The relationships between surface crack length to through‐wall crack depth and hoop travel could allow pipe operators to formulate a worst case scenario for the purposes of SCC assessment and management.

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Stress corrosion cracking in pipelines

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

Microstructural, Mechanical, Texture and Residual Stress Characterizations of X52 Pipeline Steel

Microstructural, Mechanical, Texture and Residual Stress Characterizations of X52 Pipeline Steel

Design and Testing of the Strain Transducer for Measuring Deformations of Pipelines Operating in the Mining-deformable Ground Environment

Inclined stress corrosion cracks in gas pipeline steels: morphology and implications

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