Stress Corrosion Cracking of 18-8 Austenitic Stainless Steel in Sulfuric Acid

Asawa, Mitsuo

doi:10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.57.8_1340

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For Ni in sulfuric acid solutions (Abd El Rehim et al, 1986), when halide ions are present at a concentration above 10 −2 m, they accelerate anodic dissolution and shift the active to passive transition to higher potential, and the aggressiveness increases in the order I − < Br − < Cl − . A similar effect is observed in 18 Cr-8 Ni stainless steels in 4 N H 2 SO 4 (Asawa, 1971), for concentrations of halide ions up to 1 m. At the bottom of a pit under sustained growth, the concentration of halide ions can be much higher, on the order of 8 m or more (Mankowski & Szklarska-Smialowska, 1975). The effect of halide ion on metal dissolution at those concentrations was studied with the artificial pit electrode, as will be discussed below.…”

Section: Adsorption Of the Halides And Pitting Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…A plausible explanation for this fact could be that adsorption of halide ions to the bare metal surface exposed to an acid solution can inhibit active dissolution of the metal, under certain conditions. Cl − , Br − , and I − additions to a H 2 SO 4 solution result in lower rates of active metal dissolution, as it is observed for mild steel (Jesionek & Szklarska-Smialowska, 1983), pure nickel (Abd El Rehim et al, 1986), and 18 Cr-8 Ni stainless steel (Asawa, 1971). An inhibiting effect on carbon steel corrosion is also observed when KF is added to 0.01 m H 2 SO 4 solutions (Sekine et al, 1994), but this is probably related to a buffering effect of F − ions.…”

Section: Adsorption Of the Halides And Pitting Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…The strength of adsorption of halides to active metal, the surface coverage of halides and the inhibition efficiency increase with increasing halide ion size (Jesionek & Szklarska-Smialowska, 1983;Abd El Rehim et al, 1986). However, this inhibiting effect of halides on active dissolution of metals in acid solutions is observed below a concentration that is specific for each halide ion and material (Asawa, 1971;Jesionek & Szklarska-Smialowska, 1983;Abd El Rehim et al, 1986) and around 10 −2 m (Abd El Rehim et al, 1986). For Ni in sulfuric acid solutions (Abd El Rehim et al, 1986), when halide ions are present at a concentration above 10 −2 m, they accelerate anodic dissolution and shift the active to passive transition to higher potential, and the aggressiveness increases in the order I − < Br − < Cl − .…”

Section: Adsorption Of the Halides And Pitting Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Localized corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of stainless steels in halides other than chlorides solutions: a review

Kappes

2019

Corrosion Reviews

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Fluorides, bromides, and iodides, despite being less common than chlorides, are present in various environments of industrial relevance. Stainless steels suffer pitting corrosion in solutions of all halides except fluorides, which can be understood considering that fluoride is the anion of a weak acid. The aggressiveness of the rest of the halides for pitting corrosion is on the order Cl− > Br− > I− for stainless steels with Mo content below 3 wt.%. Mo is not as effective in inhibiting Br− pitting corrosion as it is for inhibiting Cl− pitting corrosion. Most of those observations were rationalized based on the effect of anions on pit growth kinetics. Sensitized austenitic stainless steel suffers stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in solutions of all halides, albeit chlorides seem to be the most aggressive. Fluoride SCC is relevant for SCC under insulation of stainless steels, and standards and regulations developed to mitigate this problem consider this ion as aggressive as chloride. For the solubilized stainless steels, aggressiveness toward SCC is in the order Cl− > Br−. The SCC of solubilized stainless steels was not observed in solutions of F− and I−, and the possible reasons for this fact are discussed.

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Section: Adsorption Of the Halides And Pitting Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Adsorption Of the Halides And Pitting Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Adsorption Of the Halides And Pitting Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Localized corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of stainless steels in halides other than chlorides solutions: a review

Kappes

2019

Corrosion Reviews

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“…CN-ion is softer than SCN-ion (9) and this may account for the reported strong adsorption of CN-on the steel surface. Halide ions, which have also adsorptivity, cause SCC in Type 304 steel corroding in H2SO4 solutions (10); hence, the reported SCC of 25Cr-14Ni steel may be similar to that of Type 304 steel in H2SO4-halide solutions in mechanism. This paper deals the effects of additions of cyanide, thiocyanate, or azide (which is also a pseudohalide) on the behavior of Type 304 steel stressed in H2SO4 solutions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 304 Stainless Steel in Sulfuric Acid Solutions Containing Cyanide or Thiocyanate

Asawa

1988

Trans. JIM

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Behavior of stressed Type 304 steel in H2SO4 solutions with addition of cyanide or thiocyanate has been studied in view of the reported strong adsorption characteristics of these spiecies. Annealed Type 304 wire was examined at 353K in 1 to 4 kmol/m3 H2SO4 solutions with additions of different quantities of KCN, NH4SCN, or NaN3 (pseudohalides) mainly under open circuit conditions at a stress of 275 MPa.With increased additions of KCN or NH4SCN the attack morphology changed from heavy general corrosion to cracking or localized attack and the time or fracture was prolonged. KCN was a cathodic and anodic inhibitor and NH4SCN was a cathodic inhibitor. The latter was also an anodic inhibitor at and near the open circuit potential. In the solutions containing NaN3 Type 304 did not fail due to passivation resulting from the cathodic reaction stimulated by NaN3 or fractured by general corrosion at the small addition of NaN3. (Received November 28, 1987) Keywords: stainless steel, stress corrosion cracking, acid solutions, cyanide, thiocyanate, azide, inhibitorIn cyanide solutions, stress corresion cracking (SCC) occurs in mild steel(1)(2) and in a NH4SCN solution, SCC also occurs in high carbon steel(3), high manganese steel(3), and austenitic stainless steels (Type 304 and 316 aged at 773K)(4). It was also reported(5) that H2SO4 solutions containing NH4SCN caused (transgranular) SCC in 25Cr-14Ni stainless steel.Cyanide and NH4SCN are pseudohalides, the chemical behavior of which is generally like that of halides as is well known. CN-ion is very strongly adsorbed at active sites of the steel surface in its solutions(6) and SCNion or NCS-ligands of various isothiocyanatochromium (III) complex ions are also adsorbed on the Hg surface from their solutions(7).T he relative adsorptivity of anions on the Pt surface from their potassium salt solutions increases in increasing order of Cl-

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“…After this report many researchers [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] dealt with the SCC in these solutions, and they 5,7) reported that the SCC occurs in a particular concentration range of NaCl and in the other range general corrosion occurs or cracking is suppressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of Concentrations of H2SO4 and NaCl on Stress Corrosion Cracking of SUS304 Stainless Steel in H2SO4–NaCl Aqueous Solutions

et al. 2006

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A stress corrosion cracking (SCC) test was carried out at room temperature in aqueous solutions containing both H 2 SO 4 (0-5.5 kmolÁm À3 ) and NaCl (0-4.5 kmolÁm À3 ), in order to study the influences of both solutes on the corrosion type of SUS304 steel. The two solutes have synergistic influence on the corrosion type, that is, SCC and general corrosion occur within a specific concentration range and elsewhere, respectively. For a constant H 2 SO 4 concentration the mass loss of corrosion shows a V-shape when it is plotted against NaCl concentration. On the other hand, maximum crack length of the SCC increases with increasing NaCl concentration up to a certain value, and then decreases. This gives a nearly inverse V-shape curve. In addition, the NaCl concentration ranges for the minimum mass loss and for the maximum crack length are almost the same. It was also confirmed that NaCl concentrations showing the minimum mass loss and the maximum crack length are inversely proportional to H 2 SO 4 concentrations.

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Stress Corrosion Cracking of 18-8 Austenitic Stainless Steel in Sulfuric Acid

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Localized corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of stainless steels in halides other than chlorides solutions: a review

Localized corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of stainless steels in halides other than chlorides solutions: a review

Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 304 Stainless Steel in Sulfuric Acid Solutions Containing Cyanide or Thiocyanate

Influences of Concentrations of H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> and NaCl on Stress Corrosion Cracking of SUS304 Stainless Steel in H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB>–NaCl Aqueous Solutions

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Stress Corrosion Cracking of 18-8 Austenitic Stainless Steel in Sulfuric Acid

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Localized corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of stainless steels in halides other than chlorides solutions: a review

Localized corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of stainless steels in halides other than chlorides solutions: a review

Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 304 Stainless Steel in Sulfuric Acid Solutions Containing Cyanide or Thiocyanate

Influences of Concentrations of H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> and NaCl on Stress Corrosion Cracking of SUS304 Stainless Steel in H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB>&ndash;NaCl Aqueous Solutions

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Influences of Concentrations of H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> and NaCl on Stress Corrosion Cracking of SUS304 Stainless Steel in H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB>–NaCl Aqueous Solutions