Stress corrosion cracking of stainless steels in high temperature caustic solutions

Rondelli, G.; Vicentini, B.; Sivieri, E.

doi:10.1016/s0010-938x(97)88507-1

Cited by 41 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This resistance to corrosion is consequent of chromium oxide film created by chromium on the surface of the metal forming a passive layer that isolates and preserves the surface. Austenitic stainless steel (ASS) is widely employed in caustic environments [3][4][5][6][7]. A main downside of ASS is the sensitivity to chloride-induced such corrosion, it is inferior to ASS in terms of ductility and weldability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Heat Input on Microstructure, Corrosion and Mechanical Characteristics of Welded Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steels: A Review

Mohammed

Ishak

Aqida

et al. 2017

Metals

105

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Abstract:The effects of input heat of different welding processes on the microstructure, corrosion, and mechanical characteristics of welded duplex stainless steel (DSS) are reviewed. Austenitic stainless steel (ASS) is welded using low-heat inputs. However, owing to differences in the physical metallurgy between ASS and DSS, low-heat inputs should be avoided for DSS. This review highlights the differences in solidification mode and transformation characteristics between ASS and DSS with regard to the heat input in welding processes. Specifically, many studies about the effects of heat energy input in welding process on the pitting corrosion, intergranular stress, stress-corrosion cracking, and mechanical properties of weldments of DSS are reviewed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Heat Input on Microstructure, Corrosion and Mechanical Characteristics of Welded Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steels: A Review

Mohammed

Ishak

Aqida

et al. 2017

Metals

105

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“…[17] Kraft pulp mill equipment is exposed to a variety of sulfide-containing caustic pulping liquors. Pulp mill equipment is susceptible to corrosion and SCC in these high-pH caustic liquors, [18][19][20] especially at higher temperatures. Significant information is available on the effect of heat treatment and precipitation on the corrosion and SCC behavior of different DSS grades in low-pH chloride-containing acidic solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Heat Treatment on Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking of S32205 Duplex Stainless Steel in Caustic Solution

Bhattacharya

Singh

2009

Metall Mater Trans A

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Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) have generally performed very well in caustic environments. However, some corrosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of DSSs have been reported in different pulp mill environments employing caustic solutions. Studies have shown that the corrosion and SCC susceptibility of DSSs depend on the alloy composition and microstructure of the steel. In this study, the effect of a sulfide-containing caustic environment (pulping liquor) and material properties (DSS alloy composition and microstructure) on the corrosion and SCC of DSSs was evaluated. During metal fabrication processes, localized areas of DSSs may be exposed to different temperatures and cooling rates, which may lead to changes in the microstructure in these regions. This change in microstructure, in turn, may affect the general and localized corrosion or SCC susceptibility of the affected area as compared to the rest of the metal. Hence, the effect of different annealing and aging temperatures as well as cooling rates on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of S32205 DSSs in caustic environment was evaluated. The results showed that changes in the microstructure of S32205 DSSs due to selected heat treatments did not have a significant effect on the general corrosion susceptibility of the steel in caustic environment, but its SCC susceptibility varied with changes in microstructures.

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“…In terms of the propagation mechanisms of caustic embrittlement, a wealth of discussions have been carried out on the two currently predominant theories, one is ascribed to the electrochemical anodic dissolution of the pits on passive films [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], while the other is attributed to the hydrogen assisted embrittlement on the pits' tips [25][26][27][28]. In fact, these two theories were both testified valid under different environments [29], and we agree with it.…”

Section: Icp-aesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, the hydrogen ions H þ entered into the cavities and decreased the alkalinity within them. Then, they combined with each other to form hydrogen gas H 2 [Equation 4] and consequently caused hydrogen embrittlement, and this procedure was commonly aggravated by the presence of chloride and sulfide ions as well [28,32]. Subsequently, a main crack, usually together with branches, was generated from the cavity and across its whole length [33,34], which has obviously been displayed in the microscopic morphologies in Fig.…”

Section: Icp-aesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acidic/caustic alternating corrosion on carbon steel pipes in heat exchanger of ethylene plant

Gong

Yang

Cheng

et al. 2011

Materials & Corrosion

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Caustic embrittlement, a kind of stress corrosion cracking (SCC), is always encountered on materials under stresses amid caustic environment. Acidic corrosion is another familiar degradation on materials contacting acidic media. However, it has been seldom studied what effect would be resulted in on materials that are exposed to an acidic/caustic alternating environment. In this paper, failure events were discovered on the carbon steel pipes under such an alternating service condition due to frequent sharp fluctuations of the heat medium's (process water) pH values in a heat exchanger. What is more, even chloride ions and sulfur element were detected, i.e., pitting corrosion was involved as well. In order to identify the causes of the failure, matrix materials of the pipes were examined, failure defects on pipe surfaces were investigated, particularly the process water was thoroughly inspected via a series of characterization methods. Based on the analysis results, a novel four-level mechanism from microscopic scale to macroscopic scale was tentatively proposed to explain such an acidic/caustic alternating corrosion.

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Stress corrosion cracking of stainless steels in high temperature caustic solutions

Cited by 41 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of Heat Input on Microstructure, Corrosion and Mechanical Characteristics of Welded Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steels: A Review

Effects of Heat Input on Microstructure, Corrosion and Mechanical Characteristics of Welded Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steels: A Review

Effect of Heat Treatment on Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking of S32205 Duplex Stainless Steel in Caustic Solution

Acidic/caustic alternating corrosion on carbon steel pipes in heat exchanger of ethylene plant

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