Stress, cortisol concentrations, and lymphocyte subpopulations.

Characterization of Circulating Monocytes Expressing HLA-DR or CD71 and Related Soluble Factors for 2 Weeks after Severe, Non-Thermal Injury1,2

“…Statistically significant low values occurred on days 2 through 5, followed by a trend to normalization in a "pivot-like" pattern, previously described for some lymphocyte and monocyte cell surface measurements [2,31]. This pattern may reflect massive catecholamine and corticosteroid release immediately after trauma, two factors with profound effects on circulating mononuclear cells [2,[37][38][39][40][41][42]. Despite only six patients developing sepsis syndrome, the mean proportions of CD14ϩHLA-DRϩ cells among sepsis syndrome patients were statistically significantly lower than uneventful outcome patients on days 3, 5, 7, and 13, confirming earlier studies describing decrements in CD14ϩHLA-DRϩ cells as an important risk factor for infectious complications [1, 4, 6, 16, 31, 34 -36, 43].…”

Stress-induced alteration of T-lymphocyte subsets and humoral immunity in mice.

“…The present expenment indicates that exposure of mice to acute rotational stress significantly alters the in vivo immunologic response of spleen cells Riley (1981) had previously shown that increased levels of adrenal corticosteroids are secreted following rotation and that this results in a reduction in circulating lymphocyte numbers In addition, others (Amkraut et al, 1972;Baker et al, 1984, 1985, Chang & Rasmussen, 1964Pitkin, 1966, Soloman et al, 1974 have shown that there is interaction between stress and immunity It has been suggested that high plasma levels of adrenal steroids result in T cell and thymus lymphocyte damage (Claesson, 1972) Perhaps there is a selective sensitivity of the Ly 1 lymphocyte cell population to adrenal steroids, thus accounting for the reduction in the percentage of the Ly 1 cells…”

“…In evaluating the effect of stress on the immune system, the type of stress, the type of immune response being evaluated, and the relation of the time of stress induction and duration of stress in relation to the time of immunization must be considered. Thus the general applicability of the significant findings that we have reported, which indicate that stress can influence the immune response, must be considered within the above parameters Given these restrictions, a variety of expenments have shown a positive interaction between the presence of stress and alteration of immune system function (Amkraut, Solomon, Kasper, & Purdue, 1972, Baker et al, 1984, 1985, Chang & Rasmusscn, 1964, Pitkm, 1966 This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers. This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly.…”

The Effects of Intense Physical Activity on Stress in Adolescents: Findings from Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (2015–2017)

“…The positive effects of exercise on stress have been proven both in quantitative and qualitative studies [31,32]. Studies conducted in Thailand showed that the discharge of cortisol and epinephrine, which are stress-inducing hormones, was decreased for 24 h by jogging five times per week [33,34,35].…”