; Má rcio Abrahã o d ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the changes in the position and form of the temporomandibular joint articular disc in adolescents with Class II division 1 malocclusion and mandibular retrognathism treated with the Herbst appliance (phase I) and fixed orthodontic appliance (phase II). Materials and Methods: Thirty-two consecutive adolescents went through phase I of treatment and 23 completed phase II. The temporomandibular joints were evaluated qualitatively by means of magnetic resonance images at the beginning of treatment (T1), during phase I (T2), at the end of phase I (T3), and at the end of phase II (T4). Results: Significant changes in disc position were not observed with the mouth closed between T1 3 T3 (P 5 .317), T3 3 T4 (P 5 .287), or T1 3 T4 (P 5 .261). At T2, on average, the disc was positioned regressively. With the mouth open, no difference was observed between T1 3 T3 (P 5 .223) or T1 3 T4 (P 5 .082). We did observe a significant difference between T3 3 T4 (P , .05). Significant changes in the disc form were found with the mouth closed between T1 3 T2 (P , .001) and T2 3 T3 (P , .001). Conclusions: At the end of the two-phase treatment, in general terms, the position and form of the initial articular discs were maintained; however, in some temporomandibular joints some seemingly adverse effects were observed at T4. (Angle Orthod. 2010;80:843-852.)