Stress Granules Involved in Formation, Progression and Metastasis of Cancer: A Scoping Review

Abstract

The assembly of stress granules (SGs) is a well-known cellular strategy for reducing stress-related damage and promoting cell survival. SGs have become important players in human health, in addition to their fundamental role in the stress response. The critical role of SGs in cancer cells in formation, progression, and metastasis makes sense. Recent researchers have found that several SG components play a role in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis via tumor-associated signaling pathways and other mechanisms. Gene-ontology analysis revealed the role of these protein components in the structure of SGs. Involvement in the translation process, regulation of mRNA stability, and action in both the cytoplasm and nucleus are among the main features of SG proteins. The present scoping review aimed to consider all studies on the effect of SGs on cancer formation, proliferation, and metastasis and performed based on a six-stage methodology structure and the PRISMA guideline. A systematic search of seven databases for qualified articles was conducted before July 2021. Publications were screened, and quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed on the extracted data. Go analysis was performed on seventy-one SGs protein components. Remarkably G3BP1, TIA1, TIAR, and YB1 have the largest share among the proteins considered in the studies. Altogether, this scoping review tries to demonstrate and provide a comprehensive summary of the role of SGs in the formation, progression, and metastasis of cancer by reviewing all studies.

YBX1 Enhances Metastasis and Stemness by Transcriptionally Regulating MUC1 in Lung Adenocarcinoma

“…Y-box-binding protein 1 (YBX1) is a multifunctional transcription/translation factor that can bind to a target promoter or enhancer through the Y-box motif, a CCAAT box (or an ATTGG inverted box) ( 25 , 27 , 28 ). A series of downstream target genes of YBX1 are oncogenes that are involved in malignant growth, chemoresistance, metastasis, tumor angiogenesis, and stem-like properties ( 24 , 29 – 32 ). Moreover, we found that high YBX1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with poor prognosis and metastasis in patients ( 33 , 34 ).…”

Deficiency of T-Cell Intracellular Antigen 1 in Murine Embryonic Fibroblasts Is Associated with Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology and Respiration

“…Thus, TIA1 can directly mediate the translational silencing and turnover of ARE-containing mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and can indirectly function as a molecular sponge to modulate the regulatory activity mediated by microRNAs [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Given the presence of TIA1 and other RBPs that determine the fate of many cellular RNAs in SGs, these foci function as dynamic sites of RNA triage during stress, where molecular decisions are made regarding the composition of RNA ribonucleoprotein complexes and their subsequent engagement with the translation or degradation machinery by modulating the cellular and metabolism fate with pathophysiological consequences on normal and abnormal cell growth [ 71 , 72 , 73 ].…”

T-Cell Intracellular Antigen 1-Like Protein in Physiology and Pathology

“…The pathophysiological importance of SGs and their RNP components in the formation, progression and metastatic fate of several human solid tumors have been recently reported and reviewed [ 133 , 134 ]. It is known that genome integrity must be tightly preserved to ensure cellular survival and to deter the genesis of disease.…”