Stress heterogeneities in earthquake rupture experiments with material contrasts

Langer, Sebastian; Weatherley, Dion; Olsen-Kettle, Louise; Finzi, Yaron

doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2012.11.002

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…1. The bimaterial studies are conducted using periodic boundaries (dashed lines) to prevent stress distortions along the fault face as in Langer et al (2011). The acquired stress field provides the initial conditions for the dynamic rupture phase.…”

Section: Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in Langer et al (2011) a velocity weakening friction law by Ampuero & Ben‐Zion (2008) is used with the ability to model pulse‐like as well as crack‐like rupture. The friction coefficient along the fault is defined as where V is the plastic slip‐rate, μ s is the static friction coefficient and α quantifies a rate (as in rate and state dependent friction laws) on the currently acting friction μ f .…”

Section: Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whenever V c is varied, τ c changes accordingly. Lower values of V c lead to crack‐like ruptures whereas higher values yield pulse‐like rupture as in Ampuero & Ben‐Zion (2008) and Langer et al (2011). During simulations it was determined if ruptures are pulse‐like or crack‐like.…”

Section: Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of supershear transition mechanisms due to material contrast at bimaterial faults

Langer¹,

Olsen-Kettle²,

Weatherley

2012

Geophysical Journal International

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SUMMARY Numerical modelling of dynamic rupture is conducted along faults separating similar and dissimilar materials. Supershear transition is enhanced in the direction of slip of the stiffer material (the negative direction) due to the bimaterial effect whereby a decrease in normal stress in front of the crack tip supports yielding ahead of the rupture. In the direction of slip of the more compliant material (the positive direction), an increase in normal stress ahead of the rupture tip delays or prevents the supershear transition, whereas the impact of the bimaterial effect on subshear ruptures is to promote rupture in the positive direction due to the tensile stress perturbation behind the rupture tip in this direction. We demonstrate that the material contrast and the parameter S control whether the transition from sub‐ to supershear velocity (supershear transition) is smooth or follows the Burridge–Andrews mechanism. Supershear transition along interfaces separating dissimilar materials is possible for higher values of the parameter S than supershear transition along material interfaces separating similar materials. The difference between pulse‐like and crack‐like rupture is small with regard to the supershear transition type.

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Section: Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of supershear transition mechanisms due to material contrast at bimaterial faults

Langer¹,

Olsen-Kettle²,

Weatherley

2012

Geophysical Journal International

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“…We avoided the end regions of the interface ( i.e. , x = 0−100 mm and x = 300−400 mm) to avoid the combination of shear and normal stress conditions that arise from the direct shear configuration [ 40 ].…”

Section: Combining Pressure Film and Photometric Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Monitoring Techniques for Characterizing Frictional Interfaces in the Laboratory

Selvadurai

Glaser

2015

Sensors

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A pressure-sensitive film was used to characterize the asperity contacts along a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) interface in the laboratory. The film has structural health monitoring (SHM) applications for flanges and other precision fittings and train rail condition monitoring. To calibrate the film, simple spherical indentation tests were performed and validated against a finite element model (FEM) to compare normal stress profiles. Experimental measurements of the normal stress profiles were within −7.7% to 6.6% of the numerical calculations between 12 and 50 MPa asperity normal stress. The film also possessed the capability of quantifying surface roughness, an important parameter when examining wear and attrition in SHM applications. A high definition video camera supplied data for photometric analysis (i.e., the measure of visible light) of asperities along the PMMA-PMMA interface in a direct shear configuration, taking advantage of the transparent nature of the sample material. Normal stress over individual asperities, calculated with the pressure-sensitive film, was compared to the light intensity transmitted through the interface. We found that the luminous intensity transmitted through individual asperities linearly increased 0.05643 ± 0.0012 candelas for an increase of 1 MPa in normal stress between normal stresses ranging from 23 to 33 MPa.

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“…In the literature, two types of numerical methods have been used to study bi-material interface rupture. Langer et al (2013) and Kammer et al (2014) have used finite element methods while Cochard and Rice (2000) and Ampuero and Ben-Zion (2008) have used the boundary integral equation method.…”

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confidence: 99%

Spectral formulation of the elastodynamic boundary integral equations for bi-material interfaces

Ranjith

2015

International Journal of Solids and Structures

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A spectral formulation of the plane-strain boundary integral equations for an interface between dissimilar elastic solids is presented. The boundary integral equations can be written in two equivalent forms: (a) The tractions can be written as a space-time convolution of the displacement continuities at the interface (Budiansky and Rice, 1979) (b) The displacement discontinuities can be written as a space-time convolution of the tractions at the interface (Kostrov, 1966). Prior work on spectral formulation of the boundary integral equations has adopted the former as the starting point. The present work has for its basis the latter form based on a space-time convolution of the tractions. Tractions and displacement components are given a spectral representation in the spatial coordinate along the interface. The radiation damping term is then explicitly extracted to avoid singularities in the convolution kernels. With the spectral forms introduced, the space-time convolutions reduce to convolutions in time for each Fourier mode. Due to continuity of tractions at the interface, this leads to a simpler formulation and form of the convolution kernels in comparison to the formulation involving convolutions over the slip and opening history at the bi-material interface. The convolution kernels are validated by studying some model problems to which analytical solutions are known. When coupled with a

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Stress heterogeneities in earthquake rupture experiments with material contrasts

Cited by 10 publications

References 56 publications

Identification of supershear transition mechanisms due to material contrast at bimaterial faults

Identification of supershear transition mechanisms due to material contrast at bimaterial faults

Novel Monitoring Techniques for Characterizing Frictional Interfaces in the Laboratory

Spectral formulation of the elastodynamic boundary integral equations for bi-material interfaces

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