Stress impairs optimal behavior in a water foraging choice task in rats

Graham, Lauren K.; Yoon, Taejib; Kim, Jeansok J.

doi:10.1101/lm.1605510

Cited by 34 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Many common housing and handling procedures can cause an animal’s stress levels to increase dramatically (for review see Balcombe et al, 2004). Stress is known to impair cognitive function (Arnsten, 2009), and thus it can alter the results of behavioral tests (Kaneto, 1997; Dawood et al, 2004; Graham et al, 2011). It has been shown that loud unexpected sounds can raise levels of stress-related hormones (Burow et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable Effects of Acoustic Trauma on Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Tinnitus In Individual Animals

Longenecker

Galazyuk

2016

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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The etiology of tinnitus is known to be diverse in the human population. An appropriate animal model of tinnitus should incorporate this pathological diversity. Previous studies evaluating the effect of acoustic over exposure (AOE) have found that animals typically display increased spontaneous firing rates and bursting activity of auditory neurons, which often has been linked to behavioral evidence of tinnitus. However, only a subset of studies directly associated these neural correlates to individual animals. Furthermore, the vast majority of tinnitus studies were conducted on anesthetized animals. The goal of this study was to test for a possible relationship between tinnitus, hearing loss, hyperactivity and bursting activity in the auditory system of individual unanesthetized animals following AOE. Sixteen mice were unilaterally exposed to 116 dB SPL narrowband noise (centered at 12.5 kHz) for 1 h under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia. Gap-induced prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex (GPIAS) was used to assess behavioral evidence of tinnitus whereas hearing performance was evaluated by measurements of auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds and prepulse inhibition PPI audiometry. Following behavioral assessments, single neuron firing activity was recorded from the inferior colliculus (IC) of four awake animals and compared to recordings from four unexposed controls. We found that AOE increased spontaneous activity in all mice tested, independently of tinnitus behavior or severity of threshold shifts. Bursting activity did not increase in two animals identified as tinnitus positive (T+), but did so in a tinnitus negative (T−) animal with severe hearing loss (SHL). Hyperactivity does not appear to be a reliable biomarker of tinnitus. Our data suggest that multidisciplinary assessments on individual animals following AOE could offer a powerful experimental tool to investigate mechanisms of tinnitus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable Effects of Acoustic Trauma on Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Tinnitus In Individual Animals

Longenecker

Galazyuk

2016

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…In so far as the amygdala is not involved in the performance of avoidance responses, it is presumed that fearful memories are coded elsewhere, presumably somewhere in the cortico-striate circuitry that participates in voluntary choice behaviour [23][24][25]. We thus distinguish between amygdala-coded 'emotional' fear, which determines reflex and emotional responses, and whatever extra-amygdalacoded factor causes avoidance of places associated with danger, which we will refer to as 'extra-amygdaloid fear'.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The brains were removed and stored in 10% formalin overnight and then kept in 30% sucrose solution until they sank. Coronal 50 mm sections were taken through the extent of the lesion, mounted on gelatin-coated slides and stained with cresyl violet and Prussian blue dyes (electronic supplementary material, figure S6) [23].…”

Section: (E) Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Amygdaloid and non-amygdaloid fear both influence avoidance of risky foraging in hungry rats

Kim

Yeh

et al. 2014

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Considerable evidence seems to show that emotional and reflex reactions to feared situations are mediated by the amygdala. It might therefore seem plausible to expect that amygdala-coded fear should also influence decisions when animals make choices about instrumental actions. However, there is not good evidence of this. In particular, it appears, though the literature is conflicted, that once learning is complete, the amygdala may often not be involved in instrumental avoidance behaviours. It is therefore of interest that we have found in rats living for extended periods in a semi-naturalistic 'closed economy', where they were given random shocks in regions that had to be entered to obtain food, choices about feeding behaviour were in fact influenced by amygdala-coded fear, in spite of the null effect of amygdalar lesions on fear of dangerous location per se. We suggest that avoidance of highly motivated voluntary behaviour does depend in part on fear signals originating in the amygdala. Such signalling may be one role of well-known projections from amygdala to cortico-striate circuitry.

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“…Recently, acute stress was shown to facilitate the development of social subordination during competitive encounters in animals (Cordero and Sandi, 2007) and to affect decision-making in both animals (Graham et al, 2010;Shafiei et al, 2012) and humans (Buchanan and Preston, 2014;Pabst et al, 2013). A role for stress might be particularly relevant in humans, as social and economic life is marked by increasing inequality and rising stress (Atkinson and Piketty, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Stress pulls us apart: Anxiety leads to differences in competitive confidence under stress

Göette¹,

Bendahan²,

Thoresen³

et al. 2015

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Social competition is a fundamental mechanism of evolution and plays a central role in structuring individual interactions and communities. Little is known about the factors that affect individuals' competitive success, particularly in humans. Key factors might include stress, a major evolutionary pressure that can affect the establishment of social hierarchies in animals, and individuals' trait anxiety, which largely determines susceptibility to stress and constitutes an important determinant of differences in competitive outcomes. Using an economic-choice experiment to assess competitive self-confidence in 229 human subjects we found that, whereas competitive self-confidence is unaffected by an individual's anxiety level in control conditions, exposure to the Trier social stress test for groups drives the behavior of individuals apart: low-anxiety individuals become overconfident, and high-anxiety individuals become underconfident. Cortisol responses to stress were found to relate to self-confidence, with the direction of the effects depending on trait anxiety. Our findings identify stress as a major regulator of individuals' competitiveness, affecting self-confidence in opposite directions in high and low anxious individuals. Therefore, our findings imply that stress may provide a new channel for generating social and economic inequality and, thus, not only be a consequence, but also a cause of inequality through its impact on competitive self-confidence and decision making in financially-relevant situations.

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Stress impairs optimal behavior in a water foraging choice task in rats

Cited by 34 publications

References 38 publications

Variable Effects of Acoustic Trauma on Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Tinnitus In Individual Animals

Variable Effects of Acoustic Trauma on Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Tinnitus In Individual Animals

Amygdaloid and non-amygdaloid fear both influence avoidance of risky foraging in hungry rats

Stress pulls us apart: Anxiety leads to differences in competitive confidence under stress

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