Stress in families of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized autistic children

Holroyd, Jean; Brown, Naoko; Wikler, Lynn; Simmons, James Q.

doi:10.1002/1520-6629(197501)3:1<26::aid-jcop2290030105>3.0.co;2-y

Cited by 51 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These findings are in accordance with previous studies, reporting parents of children with autism, particularly mothers, experience more stress than parents of typically developing children or other clinical conditions (cystic fibrosis, Down syndrome, behaviour disorders, mental retardation, learning-disability) [12,19,27,37,45]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Parents of children with developmental disabilities experience heightened stress, [11,17], impaired mental health [18], sense of devaluation and self-blame [19], impaired physical functioning, tiredness or exhaustion [20,21]. The level of Impairment in quality of life within families of children with these severe chronic conditions is likely to be moderated by a complex matrix of environmental as well as genetically-based variables such as socio-economic status, social support, parental and child characteristics and coping strategies [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impairment of quality of life in parents of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorder

Mugno

Ruta

D'Arrigo

et al. 2007

Health Qual Life Outcomes

336

229

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Abstract

Background

Little is known about the Quality of Life (QOL) in parents of children with developmental diseases as compared to other severe neurological or psychiatric disorders. Aims of the present study were: to evaluate QOL in parents of children affected by Pervasive Development Disorder (PDDs), Cerebral Palsy (CP) or Mental Retardation (MR) as compared to a control group (CG); to evaluate QOL of parents of patients with different types of PDDs, namely Autistic Disorder (AD), High Function Autism/Asperger Syndromes (HFA/AS) and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PPD-NOS); and to compare the level of impairment in QOL of mothers and fathers within PDDs, CP, MR groups and between AD, HFA/AS, PDD-NOS sub-groups.

Methods

The sample consisted of 212 parents (115 mothers and 97 fathers) of 135 children or adolescents affected by PDDs, MR or CP. An additional sample of 77 parents (42 mothers and 35 fathers) of 48 healthy children was also included and used as a control group. QOL was assessed by the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire.

Results

Compared with parents of healthy children, parents in the PDDs group reported impairment in physical activity (p = 0.0001) and social relationships (p = 0.0001) and worse overall perception of their QOL (p = 0.0001) and health (p = 0.005). Scores in the physical (p = 0.0001), psychological (p = 0.0001) and social relationships domains (p = 0.0001) and in the physical (p = 0.0001) and social relationships (p = 0.0001) domains were lower compared to the MR group CP group respectively. Little differences were observed between MR, CP and control groups. The level of impairment of physical (p = 0.001) and psychological (p = 0.03) well-being were higher in mothers than in fathers in the PDDs and CP groups respectively; in the other groups, and across all the other domains of QQL impairment was similar. There were no statistically significant differences in the scores between the AD, HFA/AS and PDD-NOS sub-groups, but parents in the HFA/AS sub-group seemed to display a lower QOL compared to the AD sub-group.

Conclusion

Parents of children with PDDs seem to display a higher burden, probably for a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Within this group of parents also those of HFA or AS people have higher stress. These finding must be taken into account in policy making to provide better and more specific supports and interventions for this group of diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairment of quality of life in parents of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorder

Mugno

Ruta

D'Arrigo

et al. 2007

Health Qual Life Outcomes

336

229

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

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“…This result is congruent with previous studies which have shown that couple support in families with disabled children acts as a protector against stress because effective family support helps families to perform their care functions with less psychological distress and more satisfaction [36, 40, 42]. Thus, when the marriage is solid and support is mutual, couples can better deal with problematic situations, which, according to Mayo (2011), serve to unite the family as a form of adaptation and even to improve the relationship [11, 41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Factors Associated with the Anxiety, Subjective Psychological Well-Being and Self-Esteem of Parents of Blind Children

et al. 2016

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The objective was to examine the connection of the personal, social and family context, educational variables with the levels of anxiety, subjective psychological well-being and self-esteem in a sample of 61 parents of blind children. Results suggest that parents present less anxiety when they have only one child, possess a technical degree, receive remuneration for their work, their child’s visual impairment is not progressive, their knowledge about their child’s disability is appropriate, and their leisure and labour possibilities have not been affected. Their psychological well-being is higher when they are married in first nuptials and perceive that their health is good. Their well-being is negatively related to reduced leisure, and self-esteem is lower when labour possibilities have been affected. In order for these families to achieve a more pleasant life, with greater psychological well-being, lower anxiety and higher self-esteem, professionals should be aware of the aspects with a negative impact.

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“…Consistent with previous research (Chess, Fernandez, & Korn, 1980;Holroyd, Brown, Wikler, & Simmons, 1975), this study found that older age of the handicapped child was associated with increasing maternal stress. Contrary to previous studies (Friedrich & Friedrich, 1981; Holroyd et al, 1975;Tavormina et al, 1981), parental stress was not associated with a child's gender or placement status. Presence of higher levels of teacher-rated student immaturity (BPC Inadequacy-Immaturity) was associated with higher stress for both mothers and fathers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of parental stress among mothers and fathers of deaf school-age children

Hagborg

1989

J. Community Psychol.

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This study examined parental stress among mothers and fathers of deaf school‐age children (n = 42). Maternal and paternal stress did not significantly differ as measured by the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress‐Short Form's (QRS‐SF, Friedrich, Greenberg, & Crnic, 1982, 1983) four scales and total score. Correlational findings showed that paternal stress increased as family occupational status and father's educational attainment increased, whereas maternal stress was not significantly related to these variables. Limited correlational findings suggested a relationship between earlier parental use of sign language and present levels of parental stress. Also, maternal stress increases were associated with older aged children. For both mothers and fathers, increased stress was associated with teacher‐reported immaturity. Unlike maternal stress, increased paternal stress was correlated with teacher‐reported withdrawn behavior, less developed lipreading skills, and lower peer ratings of social acceptance. The study's findings are discussed in the frameworks of differing parental roles, parent and child communication, and the association of a child's socioemotional school behavior and parental stress.

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Stress in families of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized autistic children

Cited by 51 publications

References 2 publications

Impairment of quality of life in parents of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorder

Impairment of quality of life in parents of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorder

Factors Associated with the Anxiety, Subjective Psychological Well-Being and Self-Esteem of Parents of Blind Children

A comparative study of parental stress among mothers and fathers of deaf school-age children

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