Stress in Free-Ranging Mammals: Integrating Physiology, Ecology, and Natural History

Reeder, DeeAnn M.; Kramer, Kristin M.

doi:10.1644/bhe-003.1

Cited by 391 publications

(360 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Studies of the seasonal changes in hormone levels are important to understand how physiology and ecology interact (Reeder and Kramer, 2005a;Romero, 2002;Wikelski and Ricklefs, 2001). Energy demands change for individuals over time, as they get older, reach maturity, change their social tactic or because of seasonal changes in food availability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These changes in energy demand might be regulated hormonally. Therefore, field studies of hormone levels including individuals of both sexes, different social classes and in different seasons can help us to understand how physiology, behavior and ecology interact (Reeder and Kramer, 2005a). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glucocorticoids are secreted by the adrenal gland and regulate the availability of energy by influencing glucogenesis, glucose use, and fat and protein metabolism (Reeder and Kramer, 2005b). Glucocorticoids are stress responsive and high levels of glucocorticoids indicate that the individual is in an energetically demanding situation (Reeder and Kramer, 2005b;Romero, 2002). Several field studies found increased glucocorticoid levels during the breeding season (reviewed in Reeder and Kramer, 2005a;Romero, 2002) indicating the high costs of breeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glucocorticoids are stress responsive and high levels of glucocorticoids indicate that the individual is in an energetically demanding situation (Reeder and Kramer, 2005b;Romero, 2002). Several field studies found increased glucocorticoid levels during the breeding season (reviewed in Reeder and Kramer, 2005a;Romero, 2002) indicating the high costs of breeding. This is especially the case in breeding female mammals, which typically have higher glucocorticoid levels than males, probably due to the high costs of pregnancy and lactation (Reeder and Kramer, 2005a;Strier, Lynch, and Ziegler, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several field studies found increased glucocorticoid levels during the breeding season (reviewed in Reeder and Kramer, 2005a;Romero, 2002) indicating the high costs of breeding. This is especially the case in breeding female mammals, which typically have higher glucocorticoid levels than males, probably due to the high costs of pregnancy and lactation (Reeder and Kramer, 2005a;Strier, Lynch, and Ziegler, 2003). In sum, the hypothesis exists that glucocorticoid levels change seasonally as a function of both demand and availability of energy, contributing to an individualized optimal energy budget.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal changes in testosterone and corticosterone levels in four social classes of a desert dwelling sociable rodent

Schradin

2008

Hormones and Behavior

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Seasonal changes in testosterone and corticosterone levels in four social classes of a desert dwelling sociable rodent Schradin, C Schradin, C (2008). Seasonal changes in testosterone and corticosterone levels in four social classes of a desert dwelling sociable rodent. Seasonal changes in testosterone and corticosterone levels in four social classes of a desert dwelling sociable rodent AbstractAnimals have to adjust their physiology to seasonal changes, in response to variation in food availability, social tactics and reproduction. I compared basal corticosterone and testosterone levels in free ranging striped mouse from a desert habitat, comparing between the sexes, breeding and philopatric non-breeding individuals, and between the breeding and the non-breeding season. I expected differences between breeders and non-breeders and between seasons with high and low food availability. Basal serum corticosterone was measured from 132 different individuals and serum testosterone from 176 different individuals of free living striped mice. Corticosterone and testosterone levels were independent of age, body weight and not influenced by carrying a transmitter. The levels of corticosterone and testosterone declined by approximately 50% from the breeding to the non-breeding season in breeding females as well as non-breeding males and females. In contrast, breeding males showed much lower corticosterone levels during the breeding season than all other classes, and were the only class that showed an increase of corticosterone from the breeding to the non-breeding season. As a result, breeding males had similar corticosterone levels as other social classes during the non-breeding season. During the breeding season, breeding males had much higher testosterone levels than other classes, which decreased significantly from the breeding to the non-breeding season. My results support the prediction that corticosterone decreases during periods of low food abundance. Variation in the pattern of hormonal secretion in striped mice might assist them to cope with seasonal changes in energy demand in a desert habitat. AbstractAnimals have to adjust their physiology to seasonal changes, in response to variation in food availability, social tactics and reproduction. I compared basal corticosterone and testosterone levels in free ranging striped mouse from a desert habitat, comparing between the sexes, breeding and philopatric non-breeding individuals, and between the breeding and the non-breeding season. I expected differences between breeders and nonbreeders and between seasons with high and low food availability. Basal serum corticosterone was measured from 132 different individuals and serum testosterone from 176 different individuals of free living striped mice. Corticosterone and testosterone levels were independent of age, body weight and not influenced by carrying a transmitter.The levels of corticosterone and testosterone declined by approximately 50% from the breeding to the non-breeding season in breeding females as well as n...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal changes in testosterone and corticosterone levels in four social classes of a desert dwelling sociable rodent

Schradin

2008

Hormones and Behavior

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Environmental Stress

Lewis

2017

The International Encyclopedia of Primatology

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Environmental stress refers to an external experience, ecological or anthropogenic, that disrupts an organism's equilibrium. Reactions to different stressors outline behavioral and physiological adaptations experienced by primate populations. Common environmental stressors are related to seasonality, food shortage, predation, and, more recently, anthropogenic disturbances. Presently, environmental stress is identified in nonhuman primates through observational and biological studies.

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Effectiveness of saliva collection and enzyme‐immunoassay for the quantification of cortisol in socially housed baboons

Pearson¹,

Judge²,

Reeder³

2008

American J Primatol

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Circulating cortisol levels are often used to assess the biological stress response in captive primates. Some methods commonly used to collect blood samples may alter the stress response. As such, noninvasive means to analyze cortisol levels are increasingly being developed. We adapted an existing collection method to simultaneously obtain saliva from multiple socially living hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas hamadryas) and validated an enzyme-immunoassay kit to quantify cortisol within the saliva samples. Over a period of 12 months, saliva samples were regularly collected from approximately half of the 18-member colony, representing younger monkeys who were more willing to participate. The assay met the four criteria typically used to assess the effectiveness of a new analytical technique: parallelism, precision, accuracy, and sensitivity. Cortisol levels were also proportional to those expected given published plasma levels of cortisol in baboons. Further, salivary cortisol levels increased in individuals following significant stress-related events, such as removal from the group, indicating biological validation. The technique provided a reliable and effective means to assess a physiological indicator of stress in a social group without initiating a stress response owing to handling or sedation, and provided a real-time assessment of cortisol levels and reactivity.

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Stress in Free-Ranging Mammals: Integrating Physiology, Ecology, and Natural History

Cited by 391 publications

References 85 publications

Seasonal changes in testosterone and corticosterone levels in four social classes of a desert dwelling sociable rodent

Seasonal changes in testosterone and corticosterone levels in four social classes of a desert dwelling sociable rodent

Environmental Stress

Effectiveness of saliva collection and enzyme‐immunoassay for the quantification of cortisol in socially housed baboons

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