Stress Incontinence in Women

Simultaneous recording of pressure and cross‐sectional area in the female urethra: A study of urethral closure function in healthy and stress incontinent women

“…The underlying cause is probably changes in the wall components or adjacent tissue. This condition has been described previously by several investigators [Moolgaoker et al, 1972;Graber, 1977;Susset et al, 1983;Blaivas and Olsson 19881. Susset et al 119831 termed it urethral rigidity and suggested urethral fibrosis to be the underlying cause.…”

“…Impaired sealing may also be caused by scarification and fibrosis or atrophia due to estrogen deficiency which may lead to GSI [Beck and Hsu, 1965;Zinner et al, 1976Zinner et al, , 1983Graber, 1977;Iosif and Bekassy, 1984;Staskin et al, 19851. It has proved impossible to explain satisfactorily the pathophysiology of GSI on the basis of various single factor theories and it emerges that GSI is a multifactorial disorder not caused by a single defect in urethral function [Raz, 1982;Hilton and Stanton, 19831. In this context it should be kept in mind that the occurrence of incontinence depends on two factors: the sphincter function and the strain at stress.…”

“…The etiology of GSI is still debated. Pregnancy and delivery traumas to the pelvic floor and/or denervation have been considered major factors [Beck and Hsu, 1965;Graber, 1977;Snooks and et al, 19841. Bradley [1985] has suggested defects in the autonomic nervous system as an etiologic factor.…”

Anti‐incontinence surgery in females with detrusor instability

“…Surgical repair of female incontinence presents a failure ate of 5-15 % [Lockhart et al, 1983;Marshall et al, 1979;Lapides, 1971;Bates et a1 1973;Graber et al, 1977; [Lockhart et al, 1982a;Raz et al, 19791. We have presented the results of a group of females with detrusor stability or low-pressure instability (below 25 cm of water), and the success rate including cures and improvement was 94% [Lockhart et al, 19831. Previous reports indicate that detrusor overactivity, in the form of instability, could be responsible for a large number of surgical failures [Arnold et al, 1978;Lockhart et al, 1982a,b;Turner-Warwick, 1979;Bates et al, 19731.…”

Rezidiv-Inkontinenz: klinische und urodynamische Analyse

“…Retrospek tiv lässt sich über die Qualität der Operationstechnik nicht urteilen, aber es ist hervorzuheben, dass es eine Operation für leichtere Inkontinenzfälle ist und dass mit viel Sorgfalt und unter Beachtung einiger operationstechnischer Feinheiten gearbeitet werden muss, um Dauerheilungen von über 70% zu erreichen (8).…”