Stress-induced analgesia: Adaptation following chronic cold water swims

Bodnar, Richard J.; Kelly, Dennis D.; Spiaggia, Angela; Glusman, Murray

doi:10.3758/bf03336847

Cited by 56 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Strong post-shock analgesia seen on Day 1 completely habituated by Day 13. A similar effect has been reported for SIA produced by cold-water swim (Bodnar, Kelly, Spiaggia, & Glusman, 1978), and 2-deoxyglucose treatment (Bodnar, Kelly, Brutus, & Glusman, 1978). In contrast, preference for signaled over unsignaled shock develops less rapidly (Perkins, Levis, & Seymann, 1963) and remains potent across months of training and thousands of shocks (e.g., Badia, Harsh, Coker, & Abbott, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Predictable and unpredictable shock: Behavioral measures of aversion and physiological measures of stress.

Abbott¹,

Schoen²,

Badia³

1984

Psychological Bulletin

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Previous articles have reviewed the behavioral literature and concluded that predictable shock conditions are less aversive than unpredictable shock conditions. This article reviews the literature on predictable and unpredictable shock conditions relative to physiological measures of stressfulness and considers the possible role of stress-induced analgesia in both the physiological and behavioral effects. It finds that unpredictable conditions are physiologically more stressful than predictable conditions when subjects are exposed to them for one or a few sessions and parameters of stress are relatively severe. However, predictable conditions may be more stressful than unpredictable conditions when sessions are long and extend over days and parameters of stress are less severe. The effect of extended stress appears to depend upon the physiological measure used. These findings are discussed in terms of the phasic versus chronic nature of predictable versus unpredictable stress and the organism's ability to adapt physiologically to these conditions. Finally, the data on stress-induced analgesia are reviewed. We conclude that stress-induced analgesia does not significantly contribute to either preference for predictable over unpredictable stress or their differential physiological effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Predictable and unpredictable shock: Behavioral measures of aversion and physiological measures of stress.

Abbott¹,

Schoen²,

Badia³

1984

Psychological Bulletin

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“…(5) Peripheral painful stimulation either by scalp muscle contraction or vasodilation is expected to be associated with increased Morphine-like material in the CSF. 11,12 Lack of increase or reduction in CSF Morphine-like activity is demonstrated in chronic headache, 12,13 thereby implicating a central mechanism for pain, rather than a peripheral mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation of Episodic Migraine Into Daily Headache: Analysis of Factors

1982

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Seventy-six percent of patients with daily headaches were found to have a history of episodic migraine in the past, more than half of them hormone dependent headache such as menstrual migraine. Various factors possibly influencing the transformation of episodic migraine into daily headaches were analyzed in a series of 61 patients who presented with daily headaches. Abnormal personality profile, especially neuroticism including depression, excessive stress, excessive use of medications such as caffeine containing analgesics, narcotic analgesics and ergotamine, and development of hypertension were found to be significant in the transformation of episodic migraine into daily headache.The problem of daily headache is discussed. It is suggested that the majority of daily headaches are a continuum of episodic migraine, influenced and perpetuated by various factors such as neuroticism, excessive medication, stress, and development of hypertension. It is pointed out that diagnosis of tension headache under those circumstances is not justified. (Headache 22:66-68, 1982)

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“…The effect of acclimation to repeated swimming Chronic exposure to either continuous or intermittent cold-water swims significantly reduces the analgesic response of rats to swim stress [3,10,28]. In our study, SSIA was more attenuated by daily swimming in 20 C than in 32 C water (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Analgesia induced by swim stress: interaction between analgesic and thermoregulatory mechanisms

Łapo

Konarzewski

Sadowski

2003

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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Exposure of an animal to stressful stimuli, perceived by the animal as a threatening, emergency condition, elicits a transient decrease of pain sensitivity, which often affects thermoregulatory mechanisms in the threatened organism. We studied the interaction between emergency and thermoregulatory components of swim stress in developing swim stress-induced analgesia (SSIA). The subjects were mice selectively bred for high analgesia (HA) induced by swimming in 20 degrees C water, and displaying profound swim hypothermia. The mice were acclimated to one of the following conditions: (1) ambient cold (5 degrees C, mimicking the thermal component of swim stress); (2) daily 3-min swimming at 32 degrees C (mimicking the emergency, emotional in nature, component of swim stress), or (3) daily swimming at 20 degrees C (a combination of both emergency and thermal component of swim stress). Following each of the procedures the analgesia induced by swimming in 20 degrees C water and by acute exposure to -2.5 degrees C in helium/oxygen (Helox) atmosphere was measured. Analgesia was also assessed in a group of naive mice immersed in 20 degrees C shallow water with the purpose of eliminating the emergency condition, but assuring the animal's contact with the cold water environment. Cold acclimation markedly attenuated Helox-induced analgesia (HIA) without affecting SSIA, whereas repeated swims attenuated SSIA without affecting HIA. The results suggest that hypothermia is the only stimulus eliciting HIA, while the emergency condition of swimming is essential for inducing SSIA. The significantly lower magnitude of SSIA in mice acclimated to repeated swims in 20 degrees C than in 32 degrees C water suggests that SSIA develops due to an interaction between the emergency and hypothermic components of swim stress. This is further supported by a greater hypothermia and greater analgesia in freely swimming than in immersed naive mice.

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Stress-induced analgesia: Adaptation following chronic cold water swims

Cited by 56 publications

References 16 publications

Predictable and unpredictable shock: Behavioral measures of aversion and physiological measures of stress.

Predictable and unpredictable shock: Behavioral measures of aversion and physiological measures of stress.

Transformation of Episodic Migraine Into Daily Headache: Analysis of Factors

Analgesia induced by swim stress: interaction between analgesic and thermoregulatory mechanisms

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