Stress-induced eating in rats

Levine, A. S.; Morley, J. E.

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1981.241.1.r72

Cited by 61 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…Currently, there are controversies about stress and food intake, and literature shows that chronic stress may lead, in some cases, to increased intake, but mainly to decrease of calorie intake, and consequently, loss of body weight (18). The link between stress, food intake, and weight loss has been used as a reliable marker to assess the severity of the stress model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chronic stress and high-fat diet on metabolic and nutritional parameters in Wistar rats

Bruder‐Nascimento

Campos

Alves

et al. 2013

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

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Objective: The aim of this study was assess the role of chronic stress on the metabolic and nutritional profile of rats exposed to a high-fat diet. Materials and methods: Thirty-day-old male Wistar rats (70-100 g) were distributed into four groups: normal-diet (NC), chronic stress (St), high-fat diet (HD), and chronic stress/high-fat diet (HD/St). Stress consisted at immobilization during 15 weeks, 5 times per week, 1h per day; and exposure to the high-fat diet lasted 15 weeks. Nutritional and metabolic parameters were assessed. The level of significance was 5%. Results: The HD group had final body weight, total fat, as well as insulin and leptin increased, and they were insulin resistant. The St and HD/St had arterial hypertension and increased levels of corticosterone. Stress blocked the effects of the high-fat diet. Conclusion: Chronic stress prevented the appearance of obesity. Our results help to clarify the mechanisms involved in metabolic and nutritional dysfunction, and contribute to clinical cases linked to stress and high-fat diet. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2013;57(8):642-9 Keywords Chronic stress; high-fat diet; calorie intake and food intake RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o papel do estresse crônico sobre parâmetros metabólicos e nutricionais de ratos expostos à dieta rica em gordura. Materiais e métodos: Ratos Wistar machos (30 dias de idade/70-100 g) foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: dieta-normal (NC), estresse crônico (St), dieta rica em gordura (HD) e estresse crônico/dieta rica em gordura (HD/St). O estresse consistiu em imobilização durante 15 semanas, 5 vezes por semana 1h por dia e a dieta rica em gordura foi oferecida por 15 semanas. Parâmetros nutricionais e metabólicos foram avaliados. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultados: HD tiveram peso corpóreo, gordura total e níveis de insulina e leptina aumentados e foram resistentes à insulina. Os grupos St e HD/St manifestaram hipertensão e níveis séricos de corticosterona elevados. O estresse bloqueou os efeitos da dieta. Conclusão: O estresse impediu o surgimento dela. Nossos resultados ajudam compreender os mecanismos envolvidos na disfunção metabólica e nutricional e contribuem para casos clínicos de estresse e dietas ricas em gorduras. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2013;57(8):642-9 Descritores Estresse crônico; dieta rica em gordura; consumo calórico e metabolismo

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chronic stress and high-fat diet on metabolic and nutritional parameters in Wistar rats

Bruder‐Nascimento

Campos

Alves

et al. 2013

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

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“…In this regard, it has been suggested that, as behaviors associated with feeding are incompatible with defensive behaviors, those systems associated with reductions in consummatory behavior should be linked directly or indirectly to those subserving stressor reactivity (Akana et al 1994;Dallman et al 1995;Merali et al 1998;Pecoraro et al 2004). In support of this contention, it is not only well-documented that stressor exposure alters food intake (Levine and Morley 1981;Morley et al 1983;Marti et al 1994;Valles et al 2000;Tamashiro et al 2007), but that appetitive stimuli influence the stress response including the secretion of glucocorticoids (Follenius et al 1982;Al-Damluji et al 1987;Karbonits et al 1996;Piazza and Le Moal 1997;Merali et al 1998). Moreover, several investigators have reported that the state of hunger (fasting vs. satiated) as well as the type of meal consumed (high vs. low fat content) influences the responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to stressor exposure (Shiraishi et al 1984;Schwartz et al 1995;Dallman et al 1995;Leal and Moreira 1997;Tannenbaum et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Nesfatin-1 increases anxiety- and fear-related behaviors in the rat

et al. 2008

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“…Stress-induced eating and defecation occur across species and can be triggered by exposure to a painful stimulus (1)(2)(3)(4). Yet, very little is known about the effects of feeding (eating and drinking), micturition, and defecation on pain sensitivity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sensory suppression during feeding

Foo

Mason

2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Feeding is essential for survival, whereas withdrawal and escape reactions are fundamentally protective. These critical behaviors can compete for an animal's resources when an acutely painful stimulus affects the animal during feeding. One solution to the feeding-withdrawal conflict is to optimize feeding by suppressing pain. We examined whether rats continue to feed when challenged with a painful stimulus. During feeding, motor withdrawal responses to noxious paw heat either did not occur or were greatly delayed. To investigate the neural basis of sensory suppression accompanying feeding, we recorded from brainstem pain-modulatory neurons involved in the descending control of pain transmission. During feeding, pain-facilitatory ON cells were inhibited and pain-inhibitory OFF cells were excited. When a nonpainful somatosensory stimulus preactivated ON cells and preinhibited OFF cells, rats interrupted eating to react to painful stimuli. Inactivation of the brainstem region containing ON and OFF cells also blocked pain suppression during eating, demonstrating that brainstem pain-modulatory neurons suppress motor reactions to external stimulation during homeostatic behaviors.homeostasis ͉ nociceptive modulation ͉ pain ͉ raphe magnus ͉ ON and OFF cells B ehaviors such as eating, drinking, micturition, and defecation are essential for an organism's survival and are affected by exposure to aversive stimuli. Stress-induced eating and defecation occur across species and can be triggered by exposure to a painful stimulus (1-4). Yet, very little is known about the effects of feeding (eating and drinking), micturition, and defecation on pain sensitivity. In food-deprived animals, eating takes precedence over pain-motivated behaviors. During eating, fooddeprived cats were less likely to withdraw from acute noxious cutaneous heat (5), and food-deprived chickens showed fewer pain-motivated behaviors in response to chronic pain induced by sodium urate (6). However, responses to a painful stimulus are affected by the hunger͞satiation state (7), and it remains to be determined whether these analgesic effects can be generalized to animals that have been fed freely. Consequently, the aim of Experiment 1 was to examine whether the drive to satisfy hunger still overrides the need to avoid pain in non-food-deprived animals. We found that feeding suppressed pain in rats that were fed ad libitum.The suppression of pain during feeding indicates the activation of endogenous pain modulatory pathways. The brainstem ventromedial medulla (VMM) is a critical area in the descending control of pain and is the final common pathway from the brain to the spinal cord (8-11). The VMM modulates pain bidirectionally: its activation can produce either pain facilitation or pain inhibition (10-16). The pain-facilitatory and pain-inhibitory effects are thought to be mediated by two populations of neurons with opposing responses to noxious stimulation and morphine (17)(18)(19)(20). Cells activated by noxious stimulation are inhibited by opioids. These cel...

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Stress-induced eating in rats

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of chronic stress and high-fat diet on metabolic and nutritional parameters in Wistar rats

Effects of chronic stress and high-fat diet on metabolic and nutritional parameters in Wistar rats

Nesfatin-1 increases anxiety- and fear-related behaviors in the rat

Sensory suppression during feeding

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