Stress — mechanisms of immunosuppression

Dohms, John E.; Metz, Alan

doi:10.1016/0165-2427(91)90011-z

Cited by 148 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Lymphocytes are immune cells that assist in the recognition and destruction of many types of pathogens. Lymphocyte number in the peripheral blood is known to decrease in response to different stressors (Dein 1986;Dohms & Metz 1991), and particularly after strenuous physical activities (e.g. Hoffman-Goetz & Pedersen 1994), either because of glycocorticoidal reduction of lymphoid tissues (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematological health state indices of reproducing Great Tits: a response to brood size manipulation

1998

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Summary 1.A brood size manipulation experiment was performed in two Great Tit (Parus major L.) populations in order to evaluate the effect of raising different numbers of nestlings on parental health state. 2. Brood enlargement resulted in elevated heterophile:lymphocyte ratios and decreased lymphocyte number in the peripheral blood, indicating that increased reproductive effort causes immunosuppression. 3. Haematocrit increased in response to brood enlargement, suggesting a response to the requirement of elevated oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood during increased work load. 4. Parental body mass revealed a tendency to decrease in response to brood enlargement. 5.No effect of brood size manipulation on total leucocyte count, heterophile count, intensity of Haemoproteus blood parasite infection or plasma proteins could be detected. 6. Health state indices were more sensitive to brood size manipulation in the Great Tits breeding in a rural habitat than urban birds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematological health state indices of reproducing Great Tits: a response to brood size manipulation

1998

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“…The activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) pathways by environmental stressors plays an important role in the coordination of the physiological response to stress, including the immune response in laying hens (Siegel, 1985;Dohms and Metz, 1991). Therefore, physiological, haematological and immunological variables relevant to long-term stress may be recorded in order to understand how early rearing management practices including housing conditions influence the adaptation process of laying hens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FC or CC) during the laying period (Hetland et al, 2004). Hens for this study had been recruited from that large-scale experiment in order to explore measures relevant to stress and adaptation that have been presented as an important approach for addressing hen welfare (Blokhuis et al, 2007).The activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) pathways by environmental stressors plays an important role in the coordination of the physiological response to stress, including the immune response in laying hens (Siegel, 1985;Dohms and Metz, 1991). Therefore, physiological, haematological and immunological variables relevant to long-term stress may be recorded in order to understand how early rearing management practices including housing conditions influence the adaptation process of laying hens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of housing conditions during the rearing and laying period on adrenal reactivity, immune response and heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) ratios in laying hens

Moe

Guemene

Bakken

et al. 2010

Animal

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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of early rearing conditions on physiological, haematological and immunological responses relevant to adaptation and long-term stress in white Leghorn hens with intact beaks housed in furnished cages (FC) or conventional cages (CC) during the laying period. Pullets were cage reared (CR) or litter floor reared (FR). From 16 to 76 weeks of age, hens were housed in FC (eight hens per cage) or in CC (three hens per cage). As measures of long-term stress at the end of the laying period, adrenal reactivity was quantified by assessing corticosterone responses to adrenocorticotropin challenge, and immune response was assessed by measuring antibody responses after immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH). Heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) ratio was employed as an indicator of stress. Rearing conditions significantly affected anti-SRBC titres ( P , 0.0001) and tended to affect H/L ratios ( P 5 0.07), with the highest values found in FR hens. Layer housing affected H/L ratio ( P , 0.01); the highest ratio was found in FR birds housed in FC during the laying period. This study shows that early rearing environment affects immunological indicators that are widely used to assess stress in laying hens. However, while results on H/L ratio indicated that FR birds experienced more stress particularly when they were housed in FC during the laying period, the immune responses to SRBC in FR hens was improved, indicating the opposite. This contradiction suggests that the effects on immune response may have been associated with pathogenic load due to environmental complexity in FR and FC hens rather than stress due to rearing system or housing system per se.Keywords: welfare, housing, rearing, laying hens, adaptation ImplicationsThis study was conducted to explore effects of early pullet rearing conditions on adaptation to furnished cages (FC) during the laying period, which may be a key issue for hen welfare. Physiological, haematological and immunological variables relevant to stress and welfare were measured in birds with intact beaks housed in cages or on the litter floor during rearing, and subsequently in conventional cages or FC during the laying period. Rearing conditions affected variables relevant for hen adaptation. However, it was not evident if the effects were associated with pathogenic load or stress and environmental conditions. IntroductionCurrently, the improvement of laying hen welfare is of great concern to the European Commission and EU egg industry (Council Directive, 1999; EFSA, 2005;Blokhuis et al., 2007). In recent times, there have been concerted research efforts focusing on modifying cage designs and improving hen welfare (Appleby et al., 2002;Blokhuis et al., 2007). A furnished cage system (FC) attempts to provide an enriched environment to meet the behavioural needs of hens while maintaining a small group size to minimize stress (Tauson, 1998). In contrast to the conventional cages (CC), FC are equipped with nesting ar...

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“…Within birds, stress effects depend on the branch of the immune system and the type of defense measured (e.g., white blood cell profiles [Gross and Siegel 1983;Ilmonen et al 2003;Kushima et al 2003], specific antibody responses [Gross and Siegel 1973;Regnier et al 1980;Ilmonen et al 2003], and hypersensitivities [Ilmonen et al 2003]). The nature of the applied stressor (e.g., nutritional [Klasing 1988], thermal [Regnier et al 1980], reproductive [Deerenberg et al 1997;Ilmonen et al 2003], or psychological [Gross and Siegel 1973;Endresen et al 1991;Kushima et al 2003]) and of any modifiers (e.g., duration [Dhabhar and McEwen 1997], severity, and novelty) also influence the effects of stress on immune function (Dohms and Metz 1991). While widely viewed as immunosuppressive, stress can also enhance immunity in some instances (Endresen et al 1991;Dhabhar and McEwen 1996;Demers and Bayne 1997).…”

Section: Physiological and Biochemical Zoologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Capture Stress and the Bactericidal Competence of Blood and Plasma in Five Species of Tropical Birds

Matson

Tieleman

Klasing³

2006

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

201

218

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Stress — mechanisms of immunosuppression

Cited by 148 publications

References 23 publications

Haematological health state indices of reproducing Great Tits: a response to brood size manipulation

Haematological health state indices of reproducing Great Tits: a response to brood size manipulation

Effects of housing conditions during the rearing and laying period on adrenal reactivity, immune response and heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) ratios in laying hens

Capture Stress and the Bactericidal Competence of Blood and Plasma in Five Species of Tropical Birds

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