Stress metabolism. IX. Effect of salt stress on trigonelline accumulation in tomato

Abstract

Stress metabolism IX: Effect of salt stress on trigonelline accumulation in tomato. Can J. Plant Sci. 81: 487-498. The presence of quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) and their accumulation in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Duke in response to different modes for causing NaCl stress were studied. Pre-germinated tomato seeds were grown in sand culture and 25-d-old seedlings were subjected to abrupt, progressive or prolonged salt stress using NaCl at various osmotic potentials. Plant water status was measured using psychrometry and quaternary ammonium compounds were visualized using thin-layer chromatography and then confirmed and quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Leaf water potential and osmotic potential declined depending on the osmotic potential of the rooting medium and the mode of stress imposition. A greater decline in osmotic potential compared with the total water potential led to turgor maintenance in plants under progressive or prolonged NaCl stress. The QAC, trigonelline and choline were identified in tomato. Trigonelline, but not choline, accumulated rapidly in response to abrupt, progressive or prolonged NaCl stress. The threshold external water potential (ψ ext. ) for trigonelline accumulation was -0.565 MPa. Trigonelline accumulation correlated with changes in ψ L (r = -0.92***), ψ S (r = -0.94***) and ψ P (r = 0.85***). Trigonelline contributed only -0.035 MPa to the osmotic adjustment, suggesting that its role may also lie in areas other than osmoregulation. ) consécutivement à l'utilisation de diverses méthodes visant à induire un stress avec NaCl. Des semences de tomate prégermées ont été cultivées dans du sable puis les plants de 25 jours ont été soumis à un stress abrupt, graduel ou prolongé au sel par addition d'une solution de NaCl au potentiel osmotique variable. Le bilan hydrique des plantes a été établi par psychrométrie, après quoi on a déterminé la présence de composés d'ammonium quaternaire par chromatographie sur couche mince, confirmé celle-ci puis quantifié les CAQ par spectrométrie à résonance magnétique nucléaire. Le potentiel hydrique et le potentiel osmotique des feuilles diminuent en fonction du potentiel osmotique du milieu d'enracinement et du mode d'application du stress. Une diminution du potentiel osmotique supérieure à celle du potentiel hydrique total maintient la turgescence chez les plantes soumises à un stress graduel ou prolongé. Les CAQ trigonelline et choline ont été identifiés chez la tomate. La trigonelline s'accumule rapidement avec un stress abrupt, graduel ou prolongé au NaCl, mais il n'en va pas autant de la choline. La valeur limite du potentiel hydrique externe (ψ ext. ) à partir de laquelle la trigonelline s'accumule est de -0,565 Mpa. L'accumulation de trigonelline est corrélée à une modification des paramètres ψ L (r = -0,92***), ψ s (r = -0,94***) et ψ P (r = 0,85***). La trigonelline n'explique que -0,035 Mpa de la correction osmotique, ce qui donne à penser qu'elle pourrait jouer un rôle ailleurs que dans l'osmorég...

Physiological Responses of Two Moss Species to the Combined Stress of Water Deficit and Elevated Nitrogen Deposition. I. Secondary Metabolism

“…There is a close correlation between peroxidase activity and indole alkaloid accumulation, and environmental stress can stimulate the synthesis and accumulation of alkaloids (Rajasekaran et al 2001;Misra and Gupta 2006;Jaleel et al 2007;Mahouachi et al 2012;do Nascimento et al 2013). Some alkaloids are compatible solutes, which participate in resistance to osmotic stress (Parida and Das 2005), and some alkaloids have been found to have antioxidant capacity (Jaleel et al 2007;Gülçin et al 2010).…”

“…Phenolics, terpenes, and some alkaloids are nonenzymatic antioxidants that can help to scavenge the ROS induced by stress; their content in plants is closely related to the antioxidant ability of the plants (Salah et al 1995;Gülçin et al 2010;Sánchez-Rodríguez et al 2011;Smina et al 2011). Quaternary ammonium alkaloids are among the most important compatible solutes that can decrease the osmotic stress induced by drought; the accumulation of compatible solutes is an important response by plants to osmotic stress (Rajasekaran et al 2001;Mahouachi et al 2012;Sartori et al 2012). Phenolic acids can also enhance the ability of plants to cope with osmotic stress by forming complex compounds (such as lignin) that decrease the extensibility of cell walls and thus reduce the risk of membrane collapse (Solecka 1997;Kováčik and Klejdus 2008).…”

The betaine content of New Zealand foods and estimated intake in the New Zealand diet

“…For example, grain grown during a drought would be expected to have higher betaine levels compared with crops grown on well-irrigated fields. Similarly, trigonelline has been found to increase in alfalfa (Tramontano and Jouve, 1997) and tomatoes (Rajasekaran et al, 2001) under salt stress. Nevertheless, the betaines that were detected in one brand of a foodstuff were also detected in the second brand, and the same foods were found to have high levels of glycine betaine by Zeisel et al (2003).…”

“…High levels (up to 100 mmol/g dry mass) of proline betaine (stachydrine) can be found in some citrus varieties (Nolte et al, 1997;de Zwart et al, 2003), while trigonelline is a natural constituent of coffee beans (Mazzafera, 1991), tomatoes (Rajasekaran et al, 2001) and alfalfa (Tramontano and Jouve, 1997). Dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP), a sulfonium analogue, is found in marine bacteria and phytoplankton and consequently filter feeders and marine animals accumulate it (Blunden and Gordon, 1986).…”

Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Foliar Trigonelline Accumulation in Glycine Max L

“…Although, being long considered as a storage form of nicotinic acid, TRG can re-enter the nicotinamide metabolic pathway by demethylation, and the ability of exogenous TRG to affect the plant cell cycle [7] and mediate leaf movement [8] has been well documented. In soybean, TRG accumulates within leaves in response to NaCl-stress [5, 9] and water deficit-stress [10] and is postulated to function as a compatible solute and/or osmoprotectant [11]. Foliar TRG concentration is developmentally controlled, accumulating in preflowering plants and declining as plants progressed to pod development and seed filling [10].…”