Stress non-responsiveness in the newly-hatched fowl

Freeman, B. M.

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(82)90041-x

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Bone breakage triggers the HPA-axis on embryonic day 18, but not on post-natal day one (Wise and Frye, 1973), while restraint has been shown to induce a response (Holmes et al, 1990). Cold stress did not elicit a CORT response in day-old chicks (Freeman, 1982), however a CORT response was elicited on day one after ACTH injection, with a very large increase of plasma CORT levels as an effect (Decuypere et al, 1989). The results from paper I confirms a reactive HPA-axis already from day one post hatch, further supported with behavioural data where a behavioural change was seen as an effects of the restraint procedure.…”

Section: Ontogeny Of the Stress Responsesupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Further, the system is capable of elevating CORT levels as a response to stress already at this stage (Wise and Frye, 1973). Whether the system is able to respond to stress on day one post hatch is however debated (Wise and Frye, 1973;Freeman, 1982;Decuypere et al, 1989;Holmes et al, 1990) and is further investigated in paper I.…”

Section: The Hpa-axis and Maturation In Chickensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress hos höns : Effekter av domesticaring och tidig stress på beteende och välfärd

Ericsson¹

2016

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The domestication is the process where animals have adapted to human conditions. A prerequisite for domestication is tame behaviour towards humans and subsequently, selection for other desirable traits took place which led to changes in several behavioural and physiological parameters. The domestication of chickens (Gallus gallus) was initiated around 8000 years ago, and today we see clear phenotypic and genotypic alterations when comparing domestic breeds with the wild ancestor. Our modern domestic production breeds have been selected for, and still undergo heavy selection for high meat and egg yields. Beside obvious morphological changes, studies investigating behavioural differences between the ancestral Red Junglefowl and domestic breeds show, for example, differences in fearfulness, foraging strategies, exploratory behaviour and sociality. The modern production environments are intense and already from hatch chicks are exposed to harsh conditions. From an animal welfare perspective, the production environment contain many stressful aspects. The shift in stressor types between wild and captive conditions have likely contributed to alterations in stress tolerance when comparing domestic breeds to the wild ancestors. Previous research on mammalian models have underlined that early-life stressor exposure can induce negative consequences both immediately and in adulthood, but can also affect the offspring in a transgenerational fashion. The effects observed are for example disturbance of normal brain development, a hyper-reactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) -axis, decreased immune function and increased risk of developing cognitive dysfunction and abnormal behaviour. In chickens, the long-term effects of stress during the chick phase and during puberty are not well-investigated, and further, conflicting data has been presented on the hatchling HPA-axis reactivity.In this thesis, results from four projects are presented, which all concern stress and welfare at different ages in chickens. The development of the HPA-axis and how chicks respond to early stress both on the short-and long term was investigated. Furthermore, an experiment on the effects of stress exposure a different ages during puberty was conducted, in search of particularly stress-sensitive periods. Two papers address domestication effects on the stress response.In paper I, the results show that the HPA-axis is fully functioning at hatch, resulting in elevated corticosterone levels at exposure to stressful conditions. Breed differences indicate domestication effects on the reactivity and development of the HPA-axis; the Red Junglefowl displayed a lower corticosterone baseline and a lower stress response on day one, compared to a domestic breed, whereas the results were the opposite on day 23. Similar results were seen in paper IV, conducted on adult birds, where the Red Junglefowl had a more pronounced reaction to acute stress but a faster recovery period, both with respect to behaviour and physiology. In commercial hatcheries, chic...

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Section: Ontogeny Of the Stress Responsesupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: The Hpa-axis and Maturation In Chickensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress hos höns : Effekter av domesticaring och tidig stress på beteende och välfärd

Ericsson¹

2016

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“…However, there are some reports which suggested that animals show non-responsiveness to extreme environmental condition at their early age. The phenomenon of cold stress non-responsive in the domestic fowl endures for only 48-h or so after hatching (Freeman and Freeman, 1982). In mammal, non-responsive state persists for up to 7-d (Schapiro et al, 1962;Milkovic and Milkovic, 1963).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A temporary loss in the ability to respond to stressors has been demonstrated in both neonatal mammals (Levine, 1970;Hiroshige and Sato, 1971;Guillet and Michaelson, 1978) and birds (Wise and Frye, 1973;Freeman and Manning, 1977;Freeman and Flack, 1980;Ramade and Baylé, 1980;Freeman, 1982). The cause of this unresponsiveness is uncertain but it has been suggested that it may be due to failure were determined by Dry-chem 7000 system (Fuji Medical System Co. Ltd., Japan; Catalog number: Fujifilm DRI-CHEM 7000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and Behavioral Responses of Young Chicks to High Ambient Temperature

et al. 2012

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Birds reduce their food intake by the exposure to high ambient temperature (HT) which ultimately affects their productivity. However, physiological and behavioral responses of young chicks of different ages to HT have not yet been investigated. In this study, we examined the effects of HT (40℃, 4-h) in 3-, 5-, 7-, 14-and 21-d old chicks. There were no significant differences in food intake between heat exposed and control chicks up to 7-d old, while clear suppressions of food intake were observed in 14-and 21-d old heat exposed chicks. Body weights were not affected in all age groups; however, rectal temperature was significantly increased in almost all ages. We examined blood metabolites of 7-, 14-and 21-d old chicks and found that plasma glucose concentration gradually increased in 14-to 21-d old heat exposed chicks. Conversely, triacylglycerol age-dependently decreased during exposure to HT. No significant changes were detected in plasma total protein, uric acid and calcium investigated in 7-, 14-and 21-d old heat exposed chicks compared to control groups. However, plasma glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase showed a significant interaction between HT and age, implying that liver and/or heart was damaged by HT with aging. These results indicate that HT (40℃; 4-h) suppresses food intake in young chicks of 14-or 21-d old age which reflects in some of their plasma metabolic concentrations.

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“…Stress may be unavoidable under modern commercial broiler management and is characterised by increased secretion of corticosterone (Siegel, 1971;Edens, 1978;Freeman, 1982). Under these circumstances food intake, weight gain and fatness may be influenced by dietary factors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary factors on the responses of chicks to corticosterone injections

Bartov

1985

British Poultry Science

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Corticosterone-injected chicks fed on a diet based on sorghum gained less weight and accumulated more hepatic fat than chicks treated similarly and fed on a diet based on maize. The retention of nitrogen and dry matter and the apparent metabolisable energy of these diets were not affected by type of grain, either in corticosterone-injected or in untreated birds. A slight methionine deficiency in the maize diet resulted in an additional increase in the concentration of hepatic lipids in corticosterone-injected chicks. However, hepatic lipid concentration was not affected by either a deficiency or an excess of methionine in the diet based on sorghum. The dietary fat concentration of isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets and the energy concentration of diets containing similar energy-to-protein ratios did not affect the response of the chicks to corticosterone. There was a negative correlation between the relative weight gain of corticosterone-treated chicks and the relative hepatic fat content. The latter was positively correlated with relative abdominal fat pad size.

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Stress non-responsiveness in the newly-hatched fowl

Cited by 29 publications

References 24 publications

Stress hos höns : Effekter av domesticaring och tidig stress på beteende och välfärd

Stress hos höns : Effekter av domesticaring och tidig stress på beteende och välfärd

Physiological and Behavioral Responses of Young Chicks to High Ambient Temperature

Effect of dietary factors on the responses of chicks to corticosterone injections

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