Stress Perturbations From Hydrological and Industrial Loads and Seismicity in the Salt Lake City Region

Hu, Xie; Xue, Liang; Bürgmann, Roland; Fu, Yuning

doi:10.1029/2021jb022362

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…These include simple point pressure sources (Mogi, 1958), solutions of finite strain cuboid sources in a homogeneous half-space (Barbot et al, 2017), analytical solutions for an unconfined aquifer with heterogeneous elastic properties (Larochelle et al, 2022), and numerical solutions of the poroelastic problem (Wang and Kümpel, 2003). In the upper few kilometers of the crust, strain and stress changes from the poroelastic response to groundwater level changes greatly exceed those from hydrological surface loading, but rapidly decay with increasing depth (e.g., Miller, 2008;Hu and Bürgmann, 2020). Stein et al, 1999).…”

Section: Modeling Climate-driven Deformation and Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both studies suggested the possible earthquake triggering from non-tectonic seasonal loading in California (Johnson et al, 2017a). Hu et al (2021) modeled the stress perturbations by hydrological and industrial loads in the Salt Lake City region and assessed the possible correlation with the 2020 M5.7 Magna earthquake, but no definite link was found. Yao et al ( 2022) reported that the 2019 M4.0 Ohio earthquake occurred when water level of Lake Erie was high.…”

Section: Deformation and Seismicity From Changing Climate And Weathermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate- and Weather-Driven Solid-Earth Deformation and Seismicity

Bürgmann,

Chanard,

2023

Preprint

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There is long-standing interest in the interactions between atmospheric and hydrological processes and solid Earth deformation, including the occurrence of earthquakes. Here, we review evidence for the effects of climatic processes and weather on deformation and seismicity in the lithosphere over a wide range of time scales, ranging from load cycles associated with the ice ages to the effects of short-term weather events. Space- and ground-based geophysical observations allow us to capture the redistribution of surface loads in the form of water, ice, and sediments, as well as near-surface pressure and temperature changes in the atmosphere and varying fluid pressure in the shallow subsurface. While earthquakes are generally the result of tectonic or volcanic activity, the climatic forcings induce stress changes on faults that in some cases can be shown to significantly encourage or retard the occurrence of earthquakes, depending on the degree to which the external forces align with the background tectonic stress field. Stress changes associated with the emplacement and removal of km-thick ice sheets and lakes are large enough to substantially change slip- and earthquake rates on major plate-boundary faults and can also trigger events in largely aseismic continental interiors. However, climate-earthquake interactions are subtle and proving the interaction between climate and earthquakes requires careful mechanical modeling and statistical analysis. While investigations of earthquake weather and climate are not likely to be relevant for the characterization and mitigation of earthquake hazard, they provide important insights into the physical processes associated with lithospheric deformation, the earthquake cycle and frictional faulting in the Earth.

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Section: Modeling Climate-driven Deformation and Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Deformation and Seismicity From Changing Climate And Weathermentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate- and Weather-Driven Solid-Earth Deformation and Seismicity

Bürgmann,

Chanard,

2023

Preprint

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“…Also related to disaster response during a global pandemic,McEntire (2021) reported in the Journal of Emergency Management the benefits and complications from an emergency management perspective and inferred that lockdowns due to the pandemic could have been why there were no reported injuries or fatalities due to the earthquake. Two papers from lead author Xie Hu discussed the hydrologic and stress changes related to fluctuating groundwater levels and the industrial loads of the KTI in the Salt Lake Valley(Hu and Bürgmann, 2021; Hu and others, 2021) Hu and Bürgmann (2021). used Sentinel-1 SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imagery collected between 2014 and 2019 to observe seasonal, millimeter-scale uplift (springtime) and deflation (winter) in the Salt Lake Valley due to fluctuating groundwater.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The March 2020, Mw 5.7 Magna, Utah, earthquake—documentation of geologic effects and summary of new research

Hiscock

Kleber

McKean

et al. 2023

GIW

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The March 18, 2020, Mw 5.7 Magna earthquake was the largest earthquake in Utah since the 1992 ML 5.8 St. George earthquake. The Magna earthquake occurred in the northwest corner of the Salt Lake Valley, home to 1.2 million people. Immediately following the earthquake, the Utah Geological Survey organized teams to collect perishable field data on the geologic effects of ground shaking near the epicenter, as well as establish a web-based digital clearinghouse to collect, distribute, and archive data related to the earthquake. This earthquake also coincided with the beginning of the COVID-19 global pandemic, which added extra challenges to our earthquake response. Teams used a small, unmanned aircraft system to obtain aerial photos and videos of geologic effects to supplement ground-based reconnaissance. The observed geologic effects of ground motions from the Magna earthquake include liquefaction in the form of sand boils, tension cracks, lateral spreading, and localized subsidence. No primary surface fault rupture was observed. The areas with the highest observed concentration of liquefaction features were close to the shore of Great Salt Lake and near the epicenter, northeast of the town of Magna. Photos and other documentation of the geologic effects associated with this earthquake are critical in helping to understand the hazards associated with moderate magnitude earthquakes in the Wasatch Front region. The earthquake sequence and associated geologic effects were well documented, due to the proximity to a major metropolitan area and the mainshock and aftershocks occurring within the densest part of the Utah Regional Seismic Network. In the two years since the earthquake, numerous studies have been published documenting and interpreting data to characterize the Magna event and discuss how new data add to what is known about seismic hazards along the Wasatch Front.

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Delhi urbanization footprint and its effect on the earth’s subsurface state-of-stress through decadal seismicity modulation

Tiwari

Hari

Kundu

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Urban land and its expansion have profoundly impacted the global environment, including the stress change in the earth’s subsurface, even though urban land is a small fraction of the global land surface. Divulging such effects has never been more important, given the role of stress in determining the safety of the urban population against earthquakes. However, knowledge of this time-dependent non-linear effect of urbanization on the subsurface remains in the gray area. This study focuses on the area surrounding Delhi, the capital city of India, to understand the relative contribution of the building load created by rapid urbanization in exacerbating the subsurface state-of-stress. The results highlight that, since 2010, the modulation in the seismicity rate and the stability of basement thrust faults is linked not only to urbanization but also to decadal groundwater storage. Mounting evidence suggests that the rapid urbanization, and the resulting non-tectonic horizontal compression, stabilize faults in the Aravalli Delhi belt, which are destabilized due to the extensive groundwater extraction. This affects the decadal seismicity trend around the Aravalli Delhi fold belt. Nonetheless, the magnitude of this time-dependent deformation influence on the seismicity modulation remains uncertain. The findings from this study quantify the geomechanical impacts of urbanization in the Delhi area for the first time.

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Stress Perturbations From Hydrological and Industrial Loads and Seismicity in the Salt Lake City Region

Cited by 4 publications

References 58 publications

Climate- and Weather-Driven Solid-Earth Deformation and Seismicity

Climate- and Weather-Driven Solid-Earth Deformation and Seismicity

The March 2020, Mw 5.7 Magna, Utah, earthquake—documentation of geologic effects and summary of new research

Delhi urbanization footprint and its effect on the earth’s subsurface state-of-stress through decadal seismicity modulation

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