Stress Process, The

Aneshensel, Carol S.; Mitchell, Uchechi A.

doi:10.1002/9781118410868.wbehibs380

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These experiences of psychological abuse, sometimes in combination with physical and sexual violence, subjected victims to extreme stress. Stress refers to the arousal of physiologic responses to environmental demands or pressures that exceed an individual’s ability to adapt and absence of the means to obtain sought-after ends (Aneshensel & Mitchell, 2014; Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, 2008). Mediated through key regulatory systems of the body including the nervous system, immune system, and the endocrine hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, stress induces physiologic changes that can manifest as mental and physical health problems (Hori, Ozeki, & Teraishi, 2010; McEwen, Eiland, Hunter, & Miller, 2012; Segerstrom & Miller, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Coercion in Human Trafficking

2014

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This study examined coercive conditions experienced by trafficked persons in the context of Biderman's theory of coercion. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 adult women trafficked into Los Angeles County, from 10 countries, for domestic work and/or sex work. Participants described health problems they experienced in relation to their trafficking experience and their perceptions of conditions that caused health problems. Utilizing a framework analysis approach, we analyzed themes using Biderman's framework. Participants reported experiencing the range of nonphysical coercive tactics outlined by Biderman, including isolation, monopolization of perception, induced debility or exhaustion, threats, occasional indulgences, demonstration of omnipotence, degradation, and enforcement of trivial demands. Our analysis demonstrates how these coercion tactics reinforced the submission of trafficked persons to their traffickers even in the absence of physical force or restraints. Such psychological abuse creates extreme stress that can lead to acute and chronic, physical and mental health problems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Coercion in Human Trafficking

2014

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“…Why then do Black people not always report higher rates of mental health disorders relative to whites? It may be that the Black-white paradox in mental health is an artifact of measurement error, implying existing anxiety and depression measures do not effectively capture the psychopathology of Black Americans (Aneshensel & Mitchell, 2014;Takayanagi et al, 2014;Wetherell & Areán, 1997). While there isn't enough empirical evidence to suggest that measurement error is the only culprit (Erving et al, 2018;Mezuk et al, 2013), psychopathology and diagnoses of psychiatric disorders have a long history of being centered and steeped in whiteness (Hunter & Schmidt, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skillful Sailors of Impossible Seas: Exploring Black Older Adults’ Experience with Chronic Stress and Mental Health

Brown

2022

Currents: Journal of Diversity Scholarship for Social Change

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“…For instance, there is evidence of lower rates of depressive and anxiety disorders among blacks relative to non-Hispanic whites despite large disparities in stress exposure and physical health in mid- and late life—commonly referred to as the black–white mental health paradox ( 14–16 ). There is some evidence to suggest that the black–white paradox in mental health is an artifact of measurement error, implying existing measures do not effectively capture the psychopathology of blacks as well as they do for whites ( 17–20 ). However, there is limited support that the modest measurement inconsistencies that do exist for blacks and whites are sufficient in explaining the black–white mental health paradox ( 15 , 16 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Measuring More Than Exposure: Does Stress Appraisal Matter for Black–White Differences in Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults?

Brown

Abrams²,

Mitchell

et al. 2020

Innovation in Aging

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Background and Objectives Prior research and theory suggest that exposure to objectively stressful events contributes to mental health disparities. Yet, Blacks report higher cumulative stress exposure than whites but lower levels of common psychiatric disorders. In order to understand why Blacks bear disproportionate stress exposure but similar or better mental health relative to whites, we need to consider race differences in not only stress exposure, but also stress appraisal—how upsetting stress exposures are perceived to be Research Design and Methods We examine whether race differences in the number of reported chronic stressors across five domains (health, financial, residential, relationship, caregiving) and their appraised stressfulness explain Black-white differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms. Data come from 6,019 adults ages 52+ from the 2006 Health and Retirement Study Results Older Blacks in this sample experience greater exposure to chronic stressors but appraise stressors as less upsetting relative to whites. In fully adjusted models stress exposure is related to higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms and perceiving stress as upsetting is associated with higher symptomology for whites and Blacks. We also find that Blacks report greater anxiety symptoms but fewer depressive symptoms with more stress exposure relative to whites. Stress appraisal partially explains race differences in the association between stress exposure and anxiety symptoms and fully explains race differences in the association between exposure and depressive symptoms Discussion and Implications The relationship between race, chronic stress exposure, and mental health is mediated by stress appraisal. Stress appraisal provides insight on important pathways contributing to Black-white mental health disparities in older adulthood

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Stress Process, The

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Psychological Coercion in Human Trafficking

Psychological Coercion in Human Trafficking

Skillful Sailors of Impossible Seas: Exploring Black Older Adults’ Experience with Chronic Stress and Mental Health

Measuring More Than Exposure: Does Stress Appraisal Matter for Black–White Differences in Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults?

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