Stress-Reactive Response of the Gerbil Pineal Gland: Concretion Genesis

Milin, J.

doi:10.1006/gcen.1998.7069

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Concretions consisting of a crystalline core and amorphous bodies are also present between pinealocytes. If animals are stressed by immobilization, certain stimulated light cells are characterized by the increased presence of needle‐like crystalline profiles,27 although the numbers of bright pinealocytes with concretions does not differ among the stressed and not stressed animal groups. The pineal organs of lower vertebrates exhibit high calcium content as seen on ultrastructural calcium histochemistry, al‐ though concrements were not found 35.…”

Section: Pineal Sandmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The current explanation of the role of the crystallization of Ca 2+ in a brain is as follows. Inclusions are the means of maintenance of a noradrenalin‐stimulated Ca 2+ influx at an optimal level during attenuated pinealocyte turnover 27. To assign a key role to this mechanism seems, however, erroneous.…”

Section: Pineal Sandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This situation partly resembles how the ocean water is shifted relative to the rigid mainland under the influence of gravitational forces of the moon and sun during tides. The abovementioned long pinealocytes' processes, which are filled with vesicles containing bioactive substances, are mostly clustered 27. When clustered (i.e., mechanical tie‐ups of cells and their long processes), components of a cluster under the influence of gravitational changes do not alter their mutual orientation.…”

Section: Pineal Sandmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lunasensor, Infradian Rhythms, Telomeres, and the Chronomere Program of Aging

Olovnikov¹

2005

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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According to the redusome hypothesis, the aging of an organism is determined by the shortening of chronomeres (small perichromosomal linear DNA molecules). In this paper, a presumptive role for infradian hormonal rhythms is considered. Endogenous infradian rhythms are supposed to actively interact with those hormonal shifts which are governed by an exogenous infradian gravitational lunar rhythm. As a result of this interaction, the so-called T-rhythm is formed. Peaks of T-rhythms are used as the pacemaker signals to keep the life-long "clockwork" of the brain running. The "ticking" of this clock is realized by the periodically repeated shortening of chronomeres in postmitotic neuroendocrine cells, which occurs just at the maxima of T-rhythms. Shortening of telomeres in mitotic cells in vivo is a witness of the aging of the organism, but not the cause of aging. The primary cause of aging is shortening of chronomeres, the material carriers of a temporal program of development and aging. To recognize exogenous gravitational infradian rhythms, a special physiological system--the "lunasensor" system--evolved. It is assumed that it is a necessity to have a lunasensor as a particular variant of sensors of gravitation.

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Section: Pineal Sandmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Pineal Sandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pineal Sandmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lunasensor, Infradian Rhythms, Telomeres, and the Chronomere Program of Aging

Olovnikov¹

2005

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…As a result of interhemispheric asymmetry and innervation of the PG, epileptic seizures in the right lobe results in more pronounced stimulation of PG, and the number of calcium deposits in the right lobe was higher than in the left one. Accelerated accumulation of brain sand in the PG of gerbils in immobilization stress proves the dependence of the number of calcifications in the PG from the level of its stimulation [18].…”

Section: Morphological Changes In the Pg With Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphofunctional and molecular bases of pineal gland aging

Khavinson

Linkova

2012

Hum Physiol

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Together with the hypophysis and hypothalamus, the epiphysis (pineal gland, PG) is one of the highest centers of the endocrine system of the body [1]. The aging rate of the neuroimmunoendocrine system and age related pathology development are connected with involution of the PG, which, in turn, is determined to a greater degree by a decrease in its functional activity and to a lesser degree, by morphological and molecular changes [2,3]. Morphological Changes in the PG with AgingThe study of autopsy samples of the PGs obtained from 2700 subjects aged from several months to 90 years can be used as the initial point for the analysis of pub lished data on age related changes in the PG. It was shown that PG weight increases from 80-100 to 150 160 mg in the age interval 10-50 years [4]. PG weight is inversely proportional to sexual activity; therefore, this index is higher in pubertal and post menopausal peri ods than in the period of sexual maturity. The increase in the gland weight during aging was related to an increase in the volume of fibrous tissue and the number of cysts without a significant decrease in the number of pinealocytes in an organ's parenchyma. Changes in the connective tissue composition have been observed: the number of collagen fibers is increased, and the number of argyrophilic fibers is decreased [5].According to the computed tomography data, the volume of the PG characterizing its functional activity decreased at the age interval from 21 to 60 and then sta bilized [6]. These data are in good correlation with the study [7], which shows that there are no pronounced differences in PG structures at a young and elderly age.Sequential changes in three prevaling types of PG structure (cellular, trabecular, and alveolar) occur [8].The cellular type of structure of the PG is typical of a young age. PG is represented by a continuous field of pinealocytes.The trabecular type of the PG, glandular tissue with differently directed stromal septum, is typical of mid dle aged subjects. Replacement of the trabecular type by the alveolar type of PG structure is typical of elderly subjects. Trabeculae subdivide PG in alveolar structure into circular or polygonal lobules separated by stromal rings.In addition, one can see age related changes in the vessels of the PG. After birth, PG vessels are located among pinealocytes. Expansion of argyrophilic stroma around the vessels that takes place with age is the reason of the transition from a cellular to trabecular type of structure of the PG. A dense network of vessels enlaces the parenchymal lobules of the PG determining its alve olar structure. In subjects over 60 years of age, one can see the appearance of outgrowths of the reticular frame of connective tissue in the development of sclerosing processes in the PG. The blood circulation in the PG is decreased as compared to subjects aged 40-45 years. Age related decrease in trophism in the PG results in involution changes in its cells, pinealocytes.Accumulation of lipofuscin and lipid inclusions, as well as fragmentati...

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“…Further studies also found the interactions among stress, melatonin and the pineal gland [70–75]. Electron microscopy studies have found that immobilization stress induces pinealocyte degeneration [76–78]. Physical‐immobilization stress in laboratory rats led to a significant increase of pineal melatonin levels [79–81].…”

Section: Melatonin Spatio‐temporal Memory and Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin, consciousness, and traumatic stress

Bob

Fedor-Freybergh

2007

Journal of Pineal Research

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: Descartes intuitively anticipated the so‐called ‘binding problem’ of consciousness and thought that the pineal gland enables spatio‐temporal integration in cognitive processing. Recent findings indicate that a major role in the process of temporal integration and binding involve neurons in suprachiasmatic nuclei, specifically targeting the pineal gland and other structures, and control the neuroendocrine rhythms. Melatonin is an endocrine output signal of the clock and provides circadian information as an endogenous synchronizer which stabilizes and reinforces circadian rhythms. This integrative process occurs at the different levels of the circadian network via gene expression in some brain regions and peripheral structures that enables integration of circadian, hormonal, and metabolic information and creating temporal order of bodily and mental experience. This specific temporal order is reflected in associative sequentiality that is necessary for cognition, behavior and all processes of memory consolidation that must preserve all information in the temporal causal order and synchrony. In this context, recent findings suggest that melatonin could be a potential regulator in the processes that contribute to memory formation, long‐term potentiation, and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and other brain regions. There is evidence that stress disrupts normal activity and memory consolidation in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, and this process leads to memories that are stored without a contextual or spatiotemporal frame. These findings emphasize a specific role of melatonin in mechanisms of consciousness, memory and stress and are also consistent with reported studies that indicate melatonin alterations under stressful conditions and in mental disorders.

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Stress-Reactive Response of the Gerbil Pineal Gland: Concretion Genesis

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Lunasensor, Infradian Rhythms, Telomeres, and the Chronomere Program of Aging

Lunasensor, Infradian Rhythms, Telomeres, and the Chronomere Program of Aging

Morphofunctional and molecular bases of pineal gland aging

Melatonin, consciousness, and traumatic stress

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