Stress-related salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) activity in alcohol dependent patients with and without a history of childhood maltreatment

Muehlhan, Markus; Höcker, Anja; Höfler, Michael; Wiedemann, Klaus; Barnow, Sven; Schäfer, Ingo

doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4595-8

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Previous evidence suggests that dysregulation of the stress system in substance users more broadly may differ in direction, with stimulant (King et al, 2010; Moran-Santa Maria et al, 2010) and opioid (Back et al, 2015) users showing exaggerated stress responding, while alcohol (Muehlhan et al, 2017, 2018) and cannabis users appear to have blunted stress responding relative to controls. These findings underline the likely complexity in the mechanisms of these differences, with various factors potentially contributing to observed differences including pre-existing factors, uncontrolled differences in psychiatric comorbidities between drug-using groups and controls, and acute, residual, and chronic drug effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dependent prescription opioid users show heightened subjective but not physiological stress responding following an acute social stressor compared with controls (Back et al, 2015). By contrast, recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients exhibit decreased hormonal stress responding relative to healthy controls after exposure to similar stress (Muehlhan et al, 2017, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Responses to social evaluative stress in regular cannabis smokers

et al. 2021

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Background: Aspects of the canonical stress response differ in stimulant, opioid, and alcohol users relative to controls, and dysregulated responses to stress may contribute to continued use of these drugs. Little prior research has focused on stress responses in regular cannabis smokers. We assessed responses to a standardized laboratory social stress assay (the Trier Social Stress Task; TSST) in regular cannabis smokers (CANs) compared with controls (CONs). Methods: Healthy, non-treatment-seeking adult CANs (⩾4×/week; smoking cannabis as usual) and demographically matched CONs completed the TSST. Outcome measures were subjective mood, heart rate, and salivary cortisol. Results: Nineteen CANs (1 female) and 20 CONs (2 female) participated; groups were matched on trauma exposure, sex, race, and age. CANs smoked cannabis 6.4 ± 1.1 days/week. Eight CANs and one CON smoked tobacco cigarettes daily. Overall, the TSST produced expected increases in anxiety, negative mood states, cortisol, and heart rate. CANs had blunted subjective response to stress relative to CONs, but they did not differ in physiological (cortisol and cardiovascular) stress responding. Conclusion: These results indicate that CANs have blunted mood responses to social stress, but normative physiological stress responding. Observed differences could be due to residual effects of cannabis, reluctance to endorse negative mood states, or to issues related to identifying (i.e., emotional identification) or feeling (i.e., interoception) stress-related affective states. Further research is warranted to characterize the mechanisms of these differences and assess implications for daily functioning and treatment outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Responses to social evaluative stress in regular cannabis smokers

et al. 2021

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“…The literature examining the moderating effect of ELA on various addictive processes is small but growing. Acute socio-evaluative stress has resulted in blunted sympathetic activity in those who abuse alcohol, though in this context there was no effect of ELA (Muehlhan, Hocker et al 2017). Acute stress in a controlled setting (socio-evaluative stress) increases craving for prescription opioids (Back, Gros et al 2015) and tobacco (al’Absi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Impact of early life adversity on the stress biobehavioral response during nicotine withdrawal

Al’Absi

Nakajima

Lemieux

2018

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Exposure to early life adversity (ELA) is associated with increased subsequent risk for addiction and relapse. We examined changes in psychobiological responses to stress in dependent smokers and nonsmoking controls and evaluated how history of early adversity may exacerbate acute changes during nicotine withdrawal and acute stress. Smokers were randomly assigned to one of two conditions; 24 h withdrawal (66 smokers) from smoking and all nicotine-containing products or smoking ad libitum (46 smokers) prior to an acute laboratory stress induction session; and 44 nonsmokers provided normal referencing. The laboratory session included a baseline rest, stress and recovery periods. Plasma and saliva samples for the measurement stress hormones and cardiovascular and self-report mood measures were collected multiple times during the session. Multivariate analysis confirmed that all groups showed stress-related increases in negative mood, cardiovascular measures and stress hormones, particularly smokers in the withdrawal condition. Individuals with high ELA showed greater adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), but lower plasma and salivary cortisol levels, than those with low ELA. Cortisol differences were abolished during tobacco withdrawal. These findings demonstrate that ELA moderates the effects of withdrawal on stress-related biobehavioral changes.

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“…Chronic alcohol use is linked to chronic alterations in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic adrenal medullary system (Koob & Kreek, 2007), which are associated with relapse (Koob et al., 2020; Sliedrecht, de Waart, Witkiewitz, & Roozen, 2019). Numerous studies have found that alcohol use globally perturbs stress system sensitivity at baseline and resting state (Blaine & Sinha, 2017; Gilpin & Weiner, 2017; Lu & Richardson, 2014; Muehlhan et al., 2017; Seo et al., 2013). They have also shown blunted stress‐induced HPA axis activation compared to non‐users (Lovallo, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal and autonomic response to psychological stress in abstinent alcohol use disorder individuals with and without depressive symptomatology

Syed,

Sinha,

Milivojevic

et al. 2023

Human Psychopharmacology

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Background: Stress and depression have each been associated with relapse risk. In clinical practice, chronic alcohol use is often accompanied by poor emotional and self-regulatory processes. Tonic and phasic changes in stress responsivity impact an individual's relapse risk to alcohol. A further complicating factor is the pervasive coexistence of depressive symptoms in those with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), where the contribution of depressive symptomatology to these processes is not well understood. Individuals with AUD (AD) (21 with and 12 without sub-clinical depressive symptoms) and 37 social drinking controls (16 with and 21 without sub-clinical depressive symptoms) as part of a more extensive study (Fox et al., 2019). All participants were exposed to two 5-min personalized guided imagery conditions (stress and neutral) in a randomized and counterbalanced order across consecutive days. Alcohol craving, negative mood, Stroop performance, and plasma measures (cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and salivary alpha-amylase) were collected before and after imagery exposure. Results: Elevations in autonomic response (heart rate) to imagery (stress and neutral) were observed as a function of drinking (in both depressed and nondepressed individuals with alcohol use disorder compared with depressed and non-depressed social drinkers). Conversely, suppressed cortisol following stress was observed as a function of depressive symptomatology across both drinking groups. Individuals with comorbid AD and depressive symptoms demonstrated attenuated Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and poor Stroop performance compared with the other groups, indicating an interactive effect between drinking and depression on pituitary and inhibitory systems. Conclusion: Sub-clinical depressive pathophysiology may be distinct from drinking severity and may alter relapse-related stress adaptations during protracted abstinence from alcohol.

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Stress-related salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) activity in alcohol dependent patients with and without a history of childhood maltreatment

Abstract: The discrepancy between physiological responsivity and subjective stress experiences may account for an increased inability to cope with stressful situations, which in turn might explain the enhanced risk of relapse in AD patients with a history of CM during early abstinence.

Cited by 9 publications

References 52 publications

Responses to social evaluative stress in regular cannabis smokers

Responses to social evaluative stress in regular cannabis smokers

Impact of early life adversity on the stress biobehavioral response during nicotine withdrawal

Hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal and autonomic response to psychological stress in abstinent alcohol use disorder individuals with and without depressive symptomatology

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