Stress relaxation behavior of organically modified montmorillonite filled natural rubber/nitrile rubber nanocomposites

Abstract

To reduce material consumption, it is important to have reinforced material with longer life time. Incorporation of nanoparticles to reinforce and compatibilize polymer blends is one of the widely undergoing research areas in polymer science technology. A series of natural rubber and nitrile rubber (NR/NBR) nanocomposite vulcanazite, reinforced with two different organically modified clay (OMt) were prepared. To predict the performance of a material over long periods of time, stress relaxation studies with both the reinforced systems were done. The effects of loading, blend composition, filler polarity and temperature on stress relaxation of OMt reinforced NR/NBR nanocomposites were carefully measured. Based on the stress relaxation measurements, it was observed that due to its polarity difference, O1Mt (Mt modified with dimethyl, benzyl, HT modification provided by Southern Clay Products) was preferentially located at the NBR phase while O2Mt (Mt modified with mercapto silane provided by English India Clay) had more affinity with natural rubber in the NR/NBR nanocomposites. The preferential localization of OMt has been analyzed by HRTEM. The nature of interaction of the nanoclay was found to influence the stress relaxation rate. NR/NBR nanocomposites with higher filler loading showed higher rates of relaxation rate due to the presence of more filler-filler interactions. At 70°C, the viscosity ratio was found to influence the reinforcement, and consequently relaxation rate of the 50/50 NR/NBR nanocomposites. It was found that the rearrangements of the polymer chains are dependent on the blend composition, temperature, filler/polymer interactions etc. To explain and predict observed phenomena, the stretched-exponential Kohlrausch equation and Maxwell-Weichert model were used. For both models, the experimental curve fitted well with the theoretical models.

Physical and mechanical properties of sunflower oil and synthetic polymers based bigels for the delivery of nitroimidazole antibiotic – A therapeutic approach for controlled drug delivery

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“…This model contains Maxwell elements, a spring and a dashpot that are connected in series (the exponential terms). The spring was connected in parallel to the Maxwell elements (asymptotic residual stress at long times) [51,52]. Eq.…”

Modulating the properties of sunflower oil based novel emulgels using castor oil fatty acid ester: Prospects for topical antimicrobial drug delivery

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Enhanced morphology and mechanical characteristics of clay/styrene butadiene rubber nanocomposites

“…Thus XRD methods characterize the whole bulk of CPN, thus potentially giving a more generalized picture of its morphology. Literature thrusts the importance of processing conditions also on the mechanical performance and morphology of the clay mineral/SBR nanocomposites (Fang et al, 2013;Maria et al, 2014). For instance, the solvent-free approach using clay/liquid rubber masterbatches resulted in a better clay dispersion and improved tensile strength (4.98 MPa at 10 phr clay) compared with the melt mixed samples (Fang et al, 2013).…”

“…If exfoliation occurs, the excellent mechanical properties of the individual clay layers can be effectively exploited and the number of reinforcing components is dramatically increased, since each clay particle contains a very large number of clay layers. The polar or unsaturated matrices (e.g., nitrile rubber and SBR) interact very easily and effectively with such exfoliated OC layers (Fontana et al, 2013;Maria et al, 2014).…”