Stress relief heat treatment and mechanical properties of laser powder bed fusion built 21-6-9 stainless steel

Edin, Emil; Svahn, Fredrik; Neikter, Magnus; Åkerfeldt, Pia

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2023.144742

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Mugwagwa et al [18] presented a thorough analysis of stress relief heat treatment techniques. The effectiveness of stress relief using an in situ annealing method was reported by Edin et al [19] and a technique based on Barkhausen noise analysis was proposed by Staub et al [20] to measure residual stress in LPBF. TMA can also provide insights into the mechanical properties of materials during LPFB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Support Structures Optimisation for High-Quality Metal Additive Manufacturing with Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Numerical Simulation Study

Dimopoulos,

Salimi,

Gan

et al. 2023

Materials

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This study focuses on Metal Additive Manufacturing (AM), an emerging method known for its ability to create lightweight components and intricate designs. However, Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), a prominent AM technique, faces a major challenge due to the development of high residual stress, resulting in flawed parts and printing failures. The study’s goal was to assess the thermal behaviour of different support structures and optimised designs to reduce the support volume and residual stress while ensuring high-quality prints. To explore this, L-shaped specimens were printed using block-type support structures through an LPBF machine. This process was subsequently validated through numerical simulations, which were in alignment with experimental observations. In addition to block-type support structures, line, contour, and cone supports were examined numerically to identify the optimal solutions that minimise the support volume and residual stress while maintaining high-quality prints. The optimisation approach was based on the Design of Experiments (DOE) methodology and multi-objective optimisation. The findings revealed that block supports exhibited excellent thermal behaviour. High-density supports outperformed low-density alternatives in temperature distribution, while cone-type supports were more susceptible to warping. These insights provide valuable guidance for improving the metal AM and LPBF processes, enabling their broader use in industries like aerospace, medical, defence, and automotive.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Support Structures Optimisation for High-Quality Metal Additive Manufacturing with Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Numerical Simulation Study

Dimopoulos,

Salimi,

Gan

et al. 2023

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Neikter et al [5] studied the process parameters for L-PBF processing of alloy 21-6-9 and showed that it can be successfully manufactured with good mechanical properties and no significant anisotropic properties. Edin et al [24] evaluated the thermal stability and tensile properties of an alloy 21-6-9 through microstructural characterization and tensile testing after different annealing temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured 21-6-9 Stainless Steel for Aerospace Applications

Mishra¹,

Åkerfeldt²,

Svahn³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Microstructural and Mechanical Property Analysis of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Tubes Fabricated Using Wire Arc-Directed Energy Deposition Technique

Singh,

Khajuria,

Bedi

et al. 2024

Met. Mater. Int.

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Stress relief heat treatment and mechanical properties of laser powder bed fusion built 21-6-9 stainless steel

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

Support Structures Optimisation for High-Quality Metal Additive Manufacturing with Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Numerical Simulation Study

Support Structures Optimisation for High-Quality Metal Additive Manufacturing with Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Numerical Simulation Study

Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured 21-6-9 Stainless Steel for Aerospace Applications

Microstructural and Mechanical Property Analysis of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Tubes Fabricated Using Wire Arc-Directed Energy Deposition Technique

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