2012
DOI: 10.2478/v10046-012-0014-z
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Stress Response to Surgery and Possible Ways of Its Correction

Abstract: The stress response to surgery has two main systemic effects in an organism: neuroendocrine and haemato-immunological. Neuroendocrine effects are induced by changes in the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary axis. Haematoimmunological effects are characterised by cytokine production, acute phase reaction and lymphocyte and neutrophil proliferation. All of these responses interact closely. Prolongation of the stress response can increase morbidity and worsen postoperative … Show more

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Cited by 5 publications
(3 citation statements)
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“…Complications that accompany this anesthetic technique are rare and usually transient. 17 Ultrasound could be used as an adjuvant tool in caudal blocks because it can provide a real-time image and confirmation of the needle’s position in the epidural space. Also, intravascular and intrathecal injections can be avoided with ultrasound visualization and with previous aspiration.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Complications that accompany this anesthetic technique are rare and usually transient. 17 Ultrasound could be used as an adjuvant tool in caudal blocks because it can provide a real-time image and confirmation of the needle’s position in the epidural space. Also, intravascular and intrathecal injections can be avoided with ultrasound visualization and with previous aspiration.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Immune systems also activate the anti-inflammation response, which would modulate the proinflammatory phase, restoring homoeostasis. [7][8][9][10][11] In the majority of cases, the first 36 hours after trauma is dominated by activation of proinflammatory, followed with moderate immune suppression for the next few days. 3 12 Interleukin (IL)-6 is the essential proinflammatory cytokine associated with surgical trauma and the main cytokine responsible for inducing the acute phase response.…”
Section: Strengths and Limitations Of This Studymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…2 The modern medical practice aims to decrease surgically induced stress response, and many strategies have been introduced to overcome this issue. 3 The free radical formation increases secondary to ischemia-reperfusion, leukocyte activation, peritoneal injury, decreased perfusion in the visceral area, and mitochondrial dysfunction during laparotomy. 4 Because of the minimally invasive character, laparoscopic procedures may be attributed to the less production of oxidative stress.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%