Stress, sex hormones, inflammation, and major depressive disorder: Extending Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression to account for sex differences in mood disorders

Slavich, George M.; Sacher, Julia

doi:10.1007/s00213-019-05326-9

Cited by 258 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 205 publications

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“…This nding of female's stress was being greater than that of males in response to such situations was also consistent with existing evidence [14,16]. Observed sex differences of stress are often attributed to differential impacts on individuals' social environmental, psychodynamic, and cognitive processes [26,27]. Behavioral responses to distress and the experience/expression of emotion are also thought to be moderated by sex [13] and, more recently, sex differences in susceptibility to stress have been expanded to include physiological factors [28,29] such as ovarian hormone uctuations [26,30] and endogenous estradiol changes across the menstrual cycle [31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Observed sex differences of stress are often attributed to differential impacts on individuals' social environmental, psychodynamic, and cognitive processes [26,27]. Behavioral responses to distress and the experience/expression of emotion are also thought to be moderated by sex [13] and, more recently, sex differences in susceptibility to stress have been expanded to include physiological factors [28,29] such as ovarian hormone uctuations [26,30] and endogenous estradiol changes across the menstrual cycle [31]. Similarly, stress-related fMRI studies have found brain functions associated with emotion and stress regulation, self-referential processing, and cognitive control to be more pronounced in males [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex differences and Psychological Stress: Responses to the COVID-19 epidemic in China

Song

Stratton

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background About 83000 COVID-19 patients were confirmed in China up to May 2020. Amid the well-documented threats to physical health, the effects of this public health crisis - and the varied efforts to contains its spread - have altered individuals’ “normal” daily functioning. This impact on social, psychological, and emotional well-being remain relatively unexplored – in particular, the ways in which Chinese men and women experience and respond to potential behavioral-related stressors. Objective To investigate gender differences in psychological stress, emotional reactions, and behavioral responses to COVID-19 and related threats among Chinese residents. Methods In late February (2020), an anonymous online questionnaire was disseminated via WeChat, a popular social media platform in China. The cross-sectional study design utilized a non-probabilistic “snowball” or convenience sampling of residents from various provinces and regions of China. Basic demographic characteristics (i.e., age and gender) – along with residential living arrangements and conditions – were measured along with psychological stress and emotional responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results 3088 questionnaires were received: 1749 females (56.6%) and 1339 males (43.4%). The mean level of stress, as measured by a visual analog scale, was 3.4 (SD = 2.4) - but differed significantly by sex. Besides sex, factors positively associated with stress included: age (≤ 45 years), employment (unsteady income, unemployed), risk infection population (exposed to COVID-19,completed medical observation), difficulties encountered (diseases, work/study, financial, mental), behaviors(higher desire for COVID-19 knowledge, more time spent on the COVID-19). “Protective” factors included frequently contact with colleagues, calmness, and psychological resilience. Males and females also differed significantly in adapting to current living/working status, coping with heating, and psychological support service needs. Conclusion Among Chinese, self-reported stress related to the COVID-19 epidemic were significantly related to sex, age, employment, resilience and coping styles. Future responses to such public health threats may wish to provide sex- and/or age-appropriate supports for psychological health and emotional well-being to those at greatest risk of experiencing stress.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences and Psychological Stress: Responses to the COVID-19 epidemic in China

Song

Stratton

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These evidences indicate that both acute stress and continuous chronic stress during the COVID-19 pandemic may trigger an in ammatory response, reduce a body's immunity and increase risks of depression and infecting COVID-19. Our results support that stress is closely associated with depression, not just anxiety closely associated with it [35,36].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Comorbidity Network Analysis of Depression, Anxiety and Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Liang

Ren

Luo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is highly correlated with depression and anxiety disorders, and there is currently a lack of understanding of the comorbidity network of these disorders. The purpose of this study is to explore the comorbidity network of depression, anxiety and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic through network analysis.Method: 887 participants are conducted a DASS 21 mental state survey across the country from February 18 to 22 in the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. The network analysis method was used to explore the network relationship between these disorders, including the use of indicators of expected influence and bridge expected influence to explain the centrality of the network.Results: The strongest six edges were the connections between the symptoms within each group, including three depressive symptom edges initiative-anhedonia, hopeless-meaningless and worthless-meaningless, one anxiety symptom edge dyspneic-heart sick and two stress symptom edges over reactive-touchy and agitated-relax. Centrality indicators show that symptoms blue, relax, and intolerable have the strongest expected influence centrality. The results show that symptoms intolerable, sad mood and blue have the strongest bridge expected influence centrality.Conclusion: We found that symptoms blue, intolerable and relax are the core ones in the network, while dry and heartsick are less important ones. In addition, symptoms intolerable, sad mood and blue were also found to have the strongest bridge symptoms. Interventions against the core symptoms in this study will be more precise.

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“…Thus, AAT has an important role in many chronic diseases, such as liver cirrhosis and gastric cancer [18]. In recent years, the role of in ammation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases has been recognized by many scholars [20,21]. Previous study showed that many MDD patients were accompanied by activation of the in ammatory response system (IRS), and then showed the compensatory immune regulatory response system (CIRS) activation [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha 1-antitrypsin as a Potential Biomarker for Diagnosing Major Depressive Disorder

Bai

Xie

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Despite decades of intensive research on major depressive disorder (MDD), the pathogenesis of MDD is still unclear and the objectively diagnostic method remains unavailable. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess whether alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) could be a potential biomarker for diagnosing MDD.Methods: The levels of AAT, liver function-related indicators, renal function-related indicators, blood lipids-related indicators, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, homocysteine and transferrin were detected. The orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to find the differential variables, Random Forest was used to identify the simplified biomarker panel, and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the identified panel.Results: The 86 MDD patients and 99 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. In total, we found nine differential variables between MDD patients and HCs, and a potential biomarker panel consisting of AAT, albumin (ALB) and apolipoprotein A1 (APOA) was identified. This panel could effectively separate MDD patients from HCs in two independent samples sets. The level of AAT was significantly negatively correlated with HDRS score and improved after antidepressant treatment. Meanwhile, MDD patients with suicide idea or behavior had significantly lower AAT levels compared to MDD patients without suicide idea or behavior.Conclusions: Our results suggested that AAT held the promise to become a potential biomarker for diagnosing MDD, and also might be a potential novel therapeutic target for MDD.

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Stress, sex hormones, inflammation, and major depressive disorder: Extending Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression to account for sex differences in mood disorders

Cited by 258 publications

References 205 publications

Sex differences and Psychological Stress: Responses to the COVID-19 epidemic in China

Sex differences and Psychological Stress: Responses to the COVID-19 epidemic in China

Comorbidity Network Analysis of Depression, Anxiety and Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Alpha 1-antitrypsin as a Potential Biomarker for Diagnosing Major Depressive Disorder

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Stress, sex hormones, inflammation, and major depressive disorder: Extending Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression to account for sex differences in mood disorders

Cited by 258 publications

References 205 publications

Sex differences and Psychological Stress: Responses to the COVID-19 epidemic in China

Sex differences and Psychological Stress: Responses to the COVID-19 epidemic in China

Comorbidity Network Analysis of Depression, Anxiety and Stress&nbsp;During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Alpha&nbsp;1-antitrypsin as a Potential Biomarker for Diagnosing Major Depressive Disorder

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Comorbidity Network Analysis of Depression, Anxiety and Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Alpha 1-antitrypsin as a Potential Biomarker for Diagnosing Major Depressive Disorder