Stress-state of rock in upper layers of earth's crust

Theoretical ground for origination of normal horizontal stresses in rock masses

“…Formerly it was Dinnik's concept to be used for calculation of horizontal stresses. A watershed in the rock mechanics was the discovery of horizontal stresses 3-10 times as high the vertical stresses in the 1960s [1]. The rock and soil mechanics based on Coulomb's wedge theory has physical formula of horizontal stresses, taking account of rock strength, although this formula does not yield values of horizontal stresses higher than vertical stresses.…”

“…The rock and soil mechanics based on Coulomb's wedge theory has physical formula of horizontal stresses, taking account of rock strength, although this formula does not yield values of horizontal stresses higher than vertical stresses. "The mechanism of increased tectonic stresses is only hypothesized in geology, which emphasizes vagueness of the phenomenon" [1].…”

“…Ways of controlling stress-strain state of rock masses are widely searched worldwide [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Indepth study of different tectonic structures based on numerical values of stresses [2,3] formulated four conditions of mechanical loading of rocks to be taken into consideration: non-tectonic (folding)-…”