Stress-strain relationship of the spinal cord of anesthetized cats

Hung, Tin-Kan; Chang, Guan‐Liang; Lin, H. S.; Walter, Frank R.; Bunegin, Leonid

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(81)90072-5

Cited by 43 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…While spinal cord tissue has been found to behave linearly at quasistatic rates for axial strains up to 5%, 9,19,21 its in vivo behavior at higher strains is not presently well defined. Since the axial strains in the present model reached maximums between 8 and 13%, a linear elastic material model was deemed appropriate at this stage of model development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Furthermore, in vivo animal spinal cord tissue has been found to behave linearly at quasistatic rates and up to 5% axial strain. 9,19,21 This Young's modulus was selected to best represent the cord's response to quasistatic loading for the expected range of strains, which was deemed appropriate given general similarities of spinal cord material properties between species. 4,13,19,21 Grey and white matter of spinal cord tissue were modeled together as a continuous structure since their individual mechanical characteristics are not yet fully understood.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,19,21 This Young's modulus was selected to best represent the cord's response to quasistatic loading for the expected range of strains, which was deemed appropriate given general similarities of spinal cord material properties between species. 4,13,19,21 Grey and white matter of spinal cord tissue were modeled together as a continuous structure since their individual mechanical characteristics are not yet fully understood. 1,25,40,48 Properties of the denticulate ligament and dura mater were based on in situ animal tests 10,52 and those of the remaining components were based on cadaveric tests (Table 1).…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model of the Cervical Spine with Spinal Cord: An Investigation of Three Injury Mechanisms

2008

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The spinal cord may be injured through various spinal column injury patterns (e.g., burst fracture, fracture dislocation); however, the relationship between column injury pattern and cord damage is not well understood. A three-dimensional finite element model of a human cervical spine and spinal cord segment was developed, verified using published experimental data, and used to investigate differences in cord strain distributions during various column injury patterns. For a transverse contusion injury, as would occur in a burst fracture, a 33% canal occlusion resulted in two peaks of strain between the indentor and opposing vertebral body and intermediate peak strain values. For a distraction injury, relevant to column distortion injuries, a 2.6 mm axial displacement to the cord resulted in more uniform strains throughout the cord and low peak strain values. For a dislocation injury, as would occur in a fracture dislocation, an anterior displacement of C5 corresponding to 30% of the sagittal dimension of the vertebral body resulted in high peak strain values adjacent to the shearing vertebrae and increased strains in the lateral columns compared to contusion. This model includes more anatomical details compared to previous studies and provides a baseline for mechanical comparisons in spinal cord injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model of the Cervical Spine with Spinal Cord: An Investigation of Three Injury Mechanisms

2008

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“…Due to the limited availability of human specimens, testing techniques are generally limited to animal autopsy samples [23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30]. A pioneer in conducting research on the mechanical properties of the spinal cord was Tunturi in 1978 [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A pioneer in conducting research on the mechanical properties of the spinal cord was Tunturi in 1978 [23]. Three years later, Hung and colleagues examined the spinal cord of cats and puppies in vivo [24,25,26]. Later, the mechanical properties of the spinal cord have been studied in vitro in different species, including: humans [31], adult and neonatal rats [27,28], and cows [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%