Stress-strain relationships in yarns subjected to rapid impact loading: 5. Wave propagation in long textile yarns impacted transversely

Smith, Jack C.; McCrackin, Frank L.; Schiefer, Herbert F.

doi:10.6028/jres.060.052

Cited by 76 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The gauge length of a single yarn is related to the contact time between the bullet and each layer (i.e. the product of longitudinal wave velocity and contact time equals the gauge length 15,16 ), and its maximum value will be the distance between the shot location and the edge of the panel (shot-to-edge distance). Figure 14 shows pullout marks at the edges of a frontal layer (circled area), which supports the assumption that the 1 st layer and all the following layers have the same gauge length that is equal to the shot-to-edge distance in this case.…”

Section: Analysis Of Energy Dissipation From the Experimentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ballistic performance of p-aramid fabrics impregnated with shear thickening fluid; Part I – Effect of laminating sequence

Park

Yoon

Paik

et al. 2011

Textile Research Journal

104

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The objective of this research was to characterize the ballistic performance of p-aramid fabrics impregnated with shear thickening fluid (STF) focusing on the laminating sequence of the layers. A panel of all neat Kevlar fabrics and two hybrid panels of neat and STF impregnated Kevlar fabrics were tested against 9 mm bullets at 436 m/s for body armor application. When the STF impregnated fabrics were laminated behind the neat Kevlar layers (N/S-panel), the backface signature decreased compared to the panel of all neat fabrics (N-panel) and the hybrid panel with neat Kevlar layers placed on the backside of the panel (S/N-panel). The enhanced ballistic performance of the N/S-panel was assumed to be due to the synchronized (or coupled) elongation of the facing yarns in the frontal layers and those in the following rear layers during the impact. Analysis was carried out, by adapting the method of accumulating successive line segments, to present the energy dissipation route of each panel during the impact.

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Section: Analysis Of Energy Dissipation From the Experimentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ballistic performance of p-aramid fabrics impregnated with shear thickening fluid; Part I – Effect of laminating sequence

Park

Yoon

Paik

et al. 2011

Textile Research Journal

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…According to Smith et al [10] when the projectile is in contact with the yarn, ahead of the elastic wave front the strain is zero, and behind it, the strain is constant and can be calculated from:…”

Section: Absorbed Energiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many parameters affect on ballistic performance of hybrid composite targets such as materials, structures of composite, dimensions, boundary conditions and etc [7,8,9]. Smith et al [10] studied the behaviour of an infinite long yarn under transverse impact. They showed that the impact creates longitudinal and transversal waves on a single yarn which propagate down the yarn.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical investigation of high-velocity impact on hybrid unidirectional/woven composite panels

Shanazari

Liaghat

Hadavinia

et al. 2016

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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In addition to fiber properties, the fabric structure plays an important role in determining ballistic performance of composite body armor textile. Textile structures used in ballistic protection are woven fabrics, unidirectional fabric structures and nonwoven fabrics. In this paper an analytical model based on wave propagation and energy balance between the projectile and the target is developed to analyze hybrid fabric panels for ballistic protection. The hybrid panel consists of two types of structure, woven fabrics as the front layers and unidirectional (UD) material as the rear layers. The model considers different cross sections of surface of the target in the woven and unidirectional fabric of the hybrid panel. Also the model takes into account possible shear failure by using shear strength together with maximum tensile strain as the failure criteria. Reflections of deformation waves at interface between the layers and also the crimp of the yarn are modeled in the woven part of the hybrid panel. The results show that the greater efficiency of woven fibers in front (more shear resistance) and unidirectional yarns in the rear (more tensile resistance), lead to better ballistic performance. Also modeling the yarn crimp results in more trauma in the backface of the panel producing data closer to the experimental results. It was found that there is an optimum ratio of woven to UD materials in the hybrid ballistic panel.

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“…By considering the average velocity in the contact zone of the deformation cone, the inertial force F 2i that acts on the projectile during the formation and movement of the deformation cone is obtained by (16) The tensile force that acts on the projectile F 2L is the transverse component of the tensile stresses in the unsheared fiber layers (17) where h 2 is the total thickness of the unsheared fiber layers, h 2 =h t -h 1 and is the dynamic tensile strength of the laminate. Thus, total force can be obtained by (18) The relation between and the strain of yarns based on the Smith et al [31] …”

Section: Ceramic Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical and experimental study of high-velocity impact on ceramic/nanocomposite targets

Shanazari

Liaghat

Feli

et al. 2017

Journal of Composite Materials

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In this paper, an analytical model has been developed for modeling high velocity impact on ceramic/nanocomposite targets. In this model penetration resistance of ceramic is determined based on cavity expansion analysis and variables during perforation of projectile onto ceramic are considered. Also semi-angle of ceramic conoid is modified. This angle depends on impact velocity and changes during perforation process. For modeling the back-up composite laminate, the kinetic and strain energy of yarns and shear plugging have been determined. A failure model based on the energy absorption until failure of laminate composite is used. Ballistic impact tests were performed to validate the analytical predictions. These tests were performed by firing 10 mm steel flat ended projectile onto ceramic/composite target. Front layer is alumina ceramic and composite laminates of back up made of E-glass/epoxy with and without nano zirconia particle of 5 wt%. The effect of nano zirconia dispersion in the matrix for different failure modes is discussed. Experimental results revealed an improvement in the ballistic performance of samples with nano zirconia particle. The analytical predictions of ballistic limit velocity and residual velocity of projectile are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.

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Stress-strain relationships in yarns subjected to rapid impact loading: 5. Wave propagation in long textile yarns impacted transversely

Cited by 76 publications

References 5 publications

Ballistic performance of p-aramid fabrics impregnated with shear thickening fluid; Part I – Effect of laminating sequence

Ballistic performance of p-aramid fabrics impregnated with shear thickening fluid; Part I – Effect of laminating sequence

Analytical investigation of high-velocity impact on hybrid unidirectional/woven composite panels

Analytical and experimental study of high-velocity impact on ceramic/nanocomposite targets

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