Stress, Support, and Antisocial Behavior Trait as Determinants of Emotional Well-Being and Parenting Practices among Single Mothers

Social support and education groups for single mothers: a randomized controlled trial of a community-based program

“…Social support exerts a broad positive influence on personal health, [23][24][25] maternal-child relations, child psychosocial functioning and family functioning. [26][27][28][29][30] Maternal education about child development can lead to improved child competence, academic test performance and intelligence quotients. [31][32][33][34] Parent management training, both group based and individually tailored, has been shown to have a positive effect on parenting and on children's emotional and behavioural adjustment.…”

The relationship between work-family conflict and central life interests amongst single working mothers

“…These negative perceptions of single motherhood are often emphasised in the research due to the adoption of comparative approaches that examine how 'atypical' single-parent families differ from 'normal' dual-parent households, thus increasing the marginalisation of single mothers (Smith, 1997). The negative consequences of single motherhood that have been identified reveal that single mothers have poorer quality housing, limited earning capacity, and less time available for themselves (Burns & Scott, 1994;Simons & Conger, 1993;Smith). These findings are particularly relevant to single working mothers who are employed in unskilled, low-income occupations.…”

Shifting parenting styles and the effect on juvenile delinquency.

“…This analysis allows for a cross-sectional assessment of the relationship between parenting style and juvenile delinquency. The results shown in Table 5 first indicate that gender, income and age significantly impact adolescent offending in the predicted direction, as prior research has found females to be less delinquent than males (Kerpelman & Smith-Adock, 2005), changes in delinquency to occur with age (Kandel, 1996) and higher income to correspond negatively with offending (Simons et al 1993). ~ore important to the current study, the results also show that adolescents who perceived their mother as permissive, uninvolved and authoritarian have significantly higher levels of delinquent behavior in wave one than adolescents who perceive their mother as authoritative 3 .…”

“…While prior research has found that parenting styles can change due a change in the age ofa child (Dix et at., 1986;Feldman et at., 1989;Smaller & Youniss, 1989), divorce (Simons et at., 1993), environmental causes like discrimination (Brody et aI., 2008) and community expectation (Simons et at., 2005), no project has investigated the impact of parenting style shifts and the effect on juvenile delinquency prior to this investigation.…”

“…A shift from positive parenting styles to negative parenting styles could theoretically be observed in conjunction with divorce (Simons et al, 1993). …”