2020
DOI: 10.1037/ort0000424
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Stress, trauma, racial/ethnic group membership, and HPA function: Utility of hair cortisol.

Abstract: Discrimination, poverty, and other aspects of the minority experience produce stress associated with health disparities. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a neuroendocrine subsystem usually monitored through assay of the hormone cortisol, is thought to play a key role in this relationship. Cortisol assay using hair specimens is a technology that promises to address important methodological problems in large-scale studies of health, well-being, and racial/ethnic status. The purpose of this study is… Show more

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Cited by 11 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…Thus, most current etiological models support that prolonged and/or severe stress exposure in highly sensitive developmental periods (i.e., childhood) disrupts psychobiological stress regulation mechanisms resulting in a process of behavioral and biological sensitization by which the individual manifests an enhanced stress sensitivity to subsequent minor adversities in adulthood (47,48). Early adversity has been associated to HCC in clinical populations with a psychotic, affective, personality and/or anxiety disorder (20,49), in individuals clinically at-risk for psychosis (45) and also in non-clinical populations (50)(51)(52)(53). However, the last meta-analysis from Khoury and colleagues (54) assessing the strength and direction of the relationship between adverse experiences and HCC (including clinical and non-clinical samples) found two classes of studies: a first one including a majority of studies (N = 24) showing a positive association between adversity and HCC, and a second minor group of studies (N = 4) showing lower levels of hair cortisol in those exposed to adverse experiences.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, most current etiological models support that prolonged and/or severe stress exposure in highly sensitive developmental periods (i.e., childhood) disrupts psychobiological stress regulation mechanisms resulting in a process of behavioral and biological sensitization by which the individual manifests an enhanced stress sensitivity to subsequent minor adversities in adulthood (47,48). Early adversity has been associated to HCC in clinical populations with a psychotic, affective, personality and/or anxiety disorder (20,49), in individuals clinically at-risk for psychosis (45) and also in non-clinical populations (50)(51)(52)(53). However, the last meta-analysis from Khoury and colleagues (54) assessing the strength and direction of the relationship between adverse experiences and HCC (including clinical and non-clinical samples) found two classes of studies: a first one including a majority of studies (N = 24) showing a positive association between adversity and HCC, and a second minor group of studies (N = 4) showing lower levels of hair cortisol in those exposed to adverse experiences.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In animal research, the underrepresentation of females in study samples is ubiquitous (see Becker et al, 2005;Beery and Zucker, 2011;Hughes, 2007), due in part to the widespread belief that the 4-day estrous cycle of female rodents renders them fundamentally more variable, and therefore less reliable subjects, than their male counterparts (Prendergast et al, 2014). Similarly, ethic differences in HPPA function and cognitive outcomes has been indicated (Demirovic et al, 2003;DeSantis et al, 2015;Gurland et al, 1999;Howell et al, 2017;Jackson et al, 2010;Palmer-Bacon et al, 2020;Wong, 2019) yet the interventional community has been slow to consider the implications of such findings; underscored by this review where studies were primarily conducted in westernised, educated, and wealthy populations (see Tables 1& 2). Future interventional work, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, would benefit through direct assessment of sex-/ gender-, race-/ethnic-group differences in HPPA and/or cognitive outcomes in more socio-economically diverse human population samples.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…First, it would be important to examine the role of racial stress on bedtime problems and whether parent ethnic-racial socialization reduces racial stress and bedtime problems. Various measures could be used to assess stress and cortisol in saliva, hair, or nail samples which are very promising for the study of racial health disparities (Palmer-Bacon et al, 2020). Second, research is needed to understand how parent ethnic socialization and adolescent low bedtime problems may lead to fewer chronic health problems and health disparities during adolescence and adulthood.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%