Stressed swelling clay

Bathija, Arpita P.; Liang, Haiyi; Lu, Ning; Prasad, Manika; Batzle, Michael

doi:10.1190/1.3131385

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…; Park and Sposito ; Wang, Kalinichev and Kirkpatrick ; Marry, Rotenberg and Turq ; Bathija et al . ).…”

Section: What Is Known About Water Near Clay Mineral Surfaces?mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The interior of swelling clay minerals such as smectite is also expected to contain such rigid water, leading to the softening of the minerals themselves, as seen both in experiments and simulations by Bathija et al . (). If several monolayers of water are taken into the interstitial space of the mineral, this is likely to be more highly viscous fluid, leading to further softening.…”

Section: Impact On Rock Physics Modellingmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Molecular dynamics simulations of hydration‐induced expansion in montmorillonite under stress permitted Bathija et al . () to estimate Young's modulus in the range of 5–16 GPa. This should be compared with the value of the solid in‐plane Young's modulus computed as 230 GPa by Suter et al .…”

Section: What Is Known About Water Near Clay Mineral Surfaces?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bathija et al . () addressed the compressional stiffness of clay minerals containing water with a basis in molecular dynamics, whereas the work presented here also incorporates shear stiffness and its dependence on surface charge and on ions in the water phase. This is done by adapting the molecular version of the discrete‐element code Particle Flow Code, which has been developed to compute properties of granular materials from grain contact stiffness and strength parameters (Potyondy , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How does water near clay mineral surfaces influence the rock physics of shales?

Holt

Kolstø

2017

Geophysical Prospecting

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Clays and clay‐bearing rocks like shale are extremely water sensitive. This is partly due to the interaction between water and mineral surfaces, strengthened by the presence of nanometer‐size pores and related large specific surface areas. Molecular‐scale numerical simulations, using a discrete‐element model, show that shear rigidity can be associated with structurally ordered (bound or adsorbed) water near charged surfaces. Building on these and other molecular dynamics simulations plus nanoscale experiments from the literature, the water monolayer adjacent to hydrophilic solid surfaces appears to be characterised by shear stiffness and/or enhanced viscosity. In both cases, elastic wave propagation will be affected by the bound or adsorbed water. Using a simple rock physics model, bound water properties were adjusted to match laboratory measured P‐ and S‐wave velocities on pure water‐saturated kaolinite and smectite. To fit the measured stress sensitivity, particularly for kaolinite, the contribution from solid‐grain contact stiffness needs to be added. The model predicts, particularly for S‐waves, that viscoelastic bound water could be a source of dispersion in clay and clay‐rich rocks. The bound‐water‐based rock physics model is found to represent a lower bound to laboratory‐measured velocities obtained with shales of different mineralogy and porosity levels.

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“…; Park and Sposito ; Wang, Kalinichev and Kirkpatrick ; Marry, Rotenberg and Turq ; Bathija et al . ).…”

Section: What Is Known About Water Near Clay Mineral Surfaces?mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Impact On Rock Physics Modellingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: What Is Known About Water Near Clay Mineral Surfaces?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

How does water near clay mineral surfaces influence the rock physics of shales?

Holt

Kolstø

2017

Geophysical Prospecting

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“…Young's modulus (E IT ), also known as the Indentation modulus (Bathija et al, 2009) is calculated from the Eqs. (3) and (4):…”

Section: Nanoindentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Maturity, Hydrous Pyrolysis and Elastic Property in Shales

et al. 2011

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Organic-rich shales (ORS) are common source rocks for most clastic reservoirs. More recently, they have gained importance as reservoirs. However, the processes of kerogen maturation, hydrocarbon storage, and hydrocarbon transport are still poorly understood. Empirical relations have been developed to relate the increase in acoustic velocity and elastic modulus with increasing maturity. The reason for this increase in velocity also remains poorly understood. We conducted experiments on ORS samples with a range of maturities from the Bakken formation. Our study focuses on investigating methods of predicting maturity of ORS by evaluation of their impedance micro-structure. Our Young's modulus measurements on a nanometer scale help understand variations of Young's modulus of minerals, clay particles, and kerogen matter in naturally matured shales. The samples were re-measured after subjecting them to hydrous pyrolysis. This step helped us investigate the cause for change in modulus with maturity and the mobility of the pyrolysed organic matter. In the naturally matured samples, we find direct qualitative relationships between the Young's modulus of shale samples and its maturity indicators, such as TOC and Transformation Ratio. After hydrous pyrolysis, there is a significant lowering of the Young's modulus in some immature samples. We will present results of elastic property changes before and after hydrous pyrolysis in shales of various maturities. This study improves our current understanding of maturity-related variations by using analysis from nanoindentation. We integrate these measurements with geochemical analysis, and observations from downhole sonic measurements to develop relationships of elastic impedance to shale maturity. These results are critical to help us understand how shales evolve with burial and maturation and how hydrocarbons are stored and transported to sustain large storage even at high overburden stresses.

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Changes in water vapor adsorption and water film thickness in clayey materials as a function of relative humidity

Lin

Chen

et al. 2020

Vadose Zone Journal

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Soil water, with adsorbed water being an important component, plays an important role in fluid flow and chemical movement in the unsaturated zone. The adsorbed water consists of water film and interlayer water, and its content is related to the relative humidity (RH). This study theoretically and experimentally focuses on the variation in adsorbed water content in clayey materials as the RH changes. Based on a slit-pore model, three types of water (water film, interlayer water, and capillary water) could be present in the water vapor adsorption process. The variation of water film is obtained from the analysis of interfacial forces, and then the total water content can be quantitatively subdivided into these three types of water for different RH values. The slit-pore adsorption model was used with experimental measurements (water vapor adsorption and N 2 physisorption) to quantify the amounts and interrelationships of these three different types of water to six clayey materials, namely three clay minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite, and illite-smectite mixed layer) and three clay-rich sediments from the Jianghan Plain in China. The main results are that (a) the volumes of water vapor adsorption are much greater than those of N 2 adsorption except for kaolinite; (b) interlayer water largely dominates the growth of total water content in montmorillonite and results in a concentration of 0.090 ml g −1 at 95% RH; and (c) the minimum thickness of water film is calculated to be 0.23 nm, and the maximum value is one-third of the pore width by considering the interfacial forces. 1 INTRODUCTION Soil water supports plant growth, affects nutrient transport, and is involved in many geophysical and geochemical

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Stressed swelling clay

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

How does water near clay mineral surfaces influence the rock physics of shales?

How does water near clay mineral surfaces influence the rock physics of shales?

Organic Maturity, Hydrous Pyrolysis and Elastic Property in Shales

Changes in water vapor adsorption and water film thickness in clayey materials as a function of relative humidity

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