Stressful “memories” of plants: Evidence and possible mechanisms

Bruce, Toby J. A.; Matthes, Michaela C.; Napier, Johnathan A.; Pickett, John A.

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2007.09.002

Cited by 830 publications

(647 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…N-NH 4 + plants do not increase primary root length, however these plants showed an increase of modulators of stress signaling, such as H 2 O 2 , which could be intermediated between stress and the development of the SIMRs phenotype (Potters et al, 2007). This observation suggests that NH 4 + treatment results in an enhanced resistance to salinity, possibly due to plants being previously exposed to mild stress which could be the prime citrange Carrizo defenses by stress imprinting, thus conferring plants resistance (Bruce et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…An important aspect related to response to a range of biotic and abiotic stress is the phenomenon of priming (Van der Ent et al, 2009). Preliminary stress exposure or stress imprinting is indeed necessary to induce priming, which makes the plants more resistant to future biotic or abiotic stress (Conrath et al, 2006;Bruce et al, 2007;Galis et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ammonium enhances resistance to salinity stress in citrus plants

Fernández-Crespo

Camañes

García‐Agustín

2012

Journal of Plant Physiology

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In this work, we demonstrate that NH 4 + nutrition in citrange Carrizo plants acts as an inducer of resistance against salinity conditions. We investigated its mode of action and provide evidence that NH 4 + confers resistance by priming abscisic acid and polyamines, just as enhancing H 2 O 2 and proline basal content. Moreover it observed a diminished Cl -uptake as well as an enhanced PHGPx expression after salt stress. Control and N-NH 4 + plants have shown optimal growth, however it was observed that N-NH 4 + plants have displayed greater dry weight and total lateral roots than control plants, but that differences are not seen for primary roots length. Our results reveal that N-NH 4 + treatment induces a similar phenotypical response to the recent stress-induced morphogenetic response (SIMRs). The hypothesis is that N-NH 4 + treatment triggers mild chronic stress in citrange Carrizo plants, which might explain the SIMR observed. Moreover, we observed modulators of stress signaling, such as H 2 O 2 in N-NH 4 + plants, which could acts as an intermediary between stress and the development of the SIMR phenotype. This observation suggests that NH 4 + treatments induce a mild stress condition that primes the citrange Carrizo defense response by stress imprinting and confers protection against a subsequent salt stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonium enhances resistance to salinity stress in citrus plants

Fernández-Crespo

Camañes

García‐Agustín

2012

Journal of Plant Physiology

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“…This pattern is redolent of primed plants, in which a plant's defense arsenal had been sensitized rather than fully induced (Ton et al, 2007;Goellner and Conrath, 2008). Primed plants usually show no enhanced expression of phenotypic defense traits, but they respond faster or stronger to challenge inoculation than unprimed plants (van Hulten et al, 2006;Bruce et al, 2007;Goellner and Conrath, 2008). BTH is known to both induce and prime disease resistance in other plant species (Cools and Ishii, 2002;Kohler et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plants were exposed to the VOCs emitted from neighbors that had been treated with the chemical SAR elicitor benzothiadiazole [BTH; benzo (1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester] or that had been induced biologically, and resulting changes in resistance were monitored at the phenotypic and gene expression levels. A common phenomenon involved in disease resistance is priming, which prepares the plant to respond more rapidly and/or effectively to subsequent attack (van Hulten et al, 2006;Bruce et al, 2007;Goellner and Conrath, 2008) but which comes at much lower costs than direct resistance induction (Heil and Baldwin, 2002;Walters and Boyle, 2005;Walters and Heil, 2007). Therefore, we investigated whether VOCs also can prime resistance to pathogens by first exposing plants to VOCs coming from directly induced plants and then challenging them with Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne Induction and Priming of Plant Defenses against a Bacterial Pathogen

Heil²,

et al. 2009

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Herbivore-induced plant volatiles affect the systemic response of plants to local damage and hence represent potential plant hormones. These signals can also lead to "plant-plant communication," a defense induction in yet undamaged plants growing close to damaged neighbors. We observed this phenomenon in the context of disease resistance. Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) plants in a natural population became more resistant against a bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae, when located close to conspecific neighbors in which systemic acquired resistance to pathogens had been chemically induced with benzothiadiazole (BTH). Airborne disease resistance induction could also be triggered biologically by infection with avirulent P. syringae. Challenge inoculation after exposure to induced and noninduced plants revealed that the air coming from induced plants mainly primed resistance, since expression of PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEIN2 (PR-2) was significantly stronger in exposed than in nonexposed individuals when the plants were subsequently challenged by P. syringae. Among others, the plant-derived volatile nonanal was present in the headspace of BTH-treated plants and significantly enhanced PR-2 expression in the exposed plants, resulting in reduced symptom appearance. Negative effects on growth of BTH-treated plants, which usually occur as a consequence of the high costs of direct resistance induction, were not observed in volatile organic compound-exposed plants. Volatile-mediated priming appears to be a highly attractive means for the tailoring of systemic acquired resistance against plant pathogens.

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“…A previous exposure to a stress may alter a plant's subsequent stress response by producing faster and/or stronger reactions that may provide the benefits of enhanced protection 2,3 . Altered responses to consecutive stresses imply that plants exercise a form of 'stress memory' 4 . For example, tobacco plants pre-exposed to methyl jasmonate increased nicotine pools 2 days earlier when exposed again as compared with plants without previous exposure 5 ; Pretreatment of plants with salicylic acid or its synthetic analogue, benzothiadiazole S-methylester, resulted in increased transcription from a subset of genes upon a subsequent stress 6,7 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple exposures to drought 'train' transcriptional responses in Arabidopsis

2012

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Pre-exposure to stress may alter plants' subsequent responses by producing faster and/or stronger reactions implying that plants exercise a form of 'stress memory'. The mechanisms of plants' stress memory responses are poorly understood leaving this fundamental biological question unanswered. Here we show that during recurring dehydration stresses Arabidopsis plants display transcriptional stress memory demonstrated by an increase in the rate of transcription and elevated transcript levels of a subset of the stress-response genes (trainable genes). During recovery (watered) states, trainable genes produce transcripts at basal (preinduced) levels, but remain associated with atypically high H3K4me3 and ser5P polymerase II levels, indicating that RnA polymerase II is stalled. This is the first example of a stalled RnA polymerase II and its involvement in transcriptional memory in plants. These newly discovered phenomena might be a general feature of plant stress-response systems and could lead to novel approaches for increasing the flexibility of a plant's ability to respond to the environment.

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Stressful “memories” of plants: Evidence and possible mechanisms

Cited by 830 publications

References 50 publications

Ammonium enhances resistance to salinity stress in citrus plants

Ammonium enhances resistance to salinity stress in citrus plants

Airborne Induction and Priming of Plant Defenses against a Bacterial Pathogen

Multiple exposures to drought 'train' transcriptional responses in Arabidopsis

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