Stressing Out Over Survival: Glutamine as an Apoptotic Modulator

Fuchs, Bryan C.; Bode, Barrie P.

doi:10.1016/j.jss.2005.07.013

Cited by 98 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…A mucosa intestinal utiliza a maior parte da glutamina circulante, aumentando grandemente sua demanda em situações de estresse oxidativo ou inflamatório (Fuchs & Bode 2006). Porém, como o intestino é incapaz de armazenar esse nutriente, depende das quantidades presentes na corrente circulatória ou na dieta.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…A glutamina também participa da proliferação e atividade de fibroblastos e linfócitos e modula a resposta de células intestinais no estresse oxidativo e na inflamação, além de inibir a apoptose induzida pelo TNF-ó em enterócitos (Fuchs & Bode 2006). Em pacientes portadores de afecções graves, a concentração de glutamina na circulação decresce devido ao aumento da demanda desse nutriente pelos tecidos.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Utilização da glutamina no tratamento de lesões de isquemia e reperfusão no jejuno em eqüinos

et al. 2009

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Sob anestesia geral e com controle da pressão arterial, 12 eqüinos foram submetidos simultaneamente a modelos de isquemia venosa e distensão intraluminal em segmentos do jejuno por 2 h, seguidos de 12 h de reperfusão. Seis eqüinos foram tratados com glutamina a 2% (50mg/kg) por via intravenosa e seis com solução fisiológica em igual volume, 1 h após o início da isquemia e às 6h de reperfusão. Foram colhidas amostras de tecido intestinal antes e com 2 h de isquemia e com 2 e 12 h de reperfusão para avaliações histopatológica e ultraestrutural, mensuração da área e número das vilosidades por mm² e atividade de mieloperoxidade (MPO). Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos controle e tratado. Concluiu-se que a glutamina, nas condições deste trabalho, não atenua lesões de isquemia e reperfusão intestinal em eqüinos.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

Utilização da glutamina no tratamento de lesões de isquemia e reperfusão no jejuno em eqüinos

et al. 2009

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“…While Gln is a nonessential amino acid for mammalian cells, tumor cell lines are unable to meet the demand of their own biosynthesis and depend on large amounts of extracellular glutamine in the medium (22)(23)(24). Besides being a nitrogen and carbon source, the most recently reported results postulate an important role for glutamine in …”

Section: Generation Of Auxotrophic S Typhimurium Mutant Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Host Cell-Derived Amino Acids in Nutrition of Intracellular Salmonella enterica

et al. 2015

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The facultative intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica resides in a specific membrane-bound compartment termed the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). Despite being segregated from access to metabolites in the host cell cytosol, Salmonella is able to efficiently proliferate within the SCV. We set out to unravel the nutritional supply of Salmonella in the SCV with focus on amino acids. We studied the availability of amino acids by the generation of auxotrophic strains for alanine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamine, and proline in a macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) and an epithelial cell line (HeLa) and examined access to extracellular nutrients for nutrition. Auxotrophies for alanine, asparagine, or proline attenuated intracellular replication in HeLa cells, while aspartate, asparagine, or proline auxotrophies attenuated intracellular replication in RAW264.7 macrophages. The different patterns of intracellular attenuation of alanine-or aspartate-auxotrophic strains support distinct nutritional conditions in HeLa cells and RAW264.7 macrophages. Supplementation of medium with individual amino acids restored the intracellular replication of mutant strains auxotrophic for asparagine, proline, or glutamine. Similarly, a mutant strain deficient in succinate dehydrogenase was complemented by the extracellular addition of succinate. Complementation of the intracellular replication of auxotrophic Salmonella by external amino acids was possible if bacteria were proficient in the induction of Salmonella-induced filaments (SIFs) but failed in a SIF-deficient background. We propose that the ability of intracellular Salmonella to redirect host cell vesicular transport provides access of amino acids to auxotrophic strains and, more generally, is essential to continuously supply bacteria within the SCV with nutrients.T he facultative intracellular life-style is a common virulence strategy among bacterial pathogens, and intracellular lifestyles are as diverse as the diseases caused by these pathogens. While some bacteria lyse the host cell membrane compartment and initiate replication in the cytosol, others remain in a host cell-derived membrane compartment that is modified to allow intravacuolar survival and replication. To understand the lifestyle of bacterial pathogens, it is of central importance to analyze which nutritional limitations are experienced by the pathogen in its intracellular habitat and how the pathogen adapts its metabolism in order to survive and proliferate despite these limitations.Salmonella enterica is an invasive, facultative, intracellular pathogen responsible for foodborne diseases ranging from localized gastroenteritis to systemic typhoid fever. Inside mammalian host cells, S. enterica resides in a specialized membrane-bound compartment, the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). The SCV is modified by the action of virulence factors of S. enterica, and the function of the type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI2) and its effector proteins is of central impor...

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“…Many studies demonstrated changes in dendritic complexity after exposure to chronic stress and/or overexposure to corticosteroid hormones, regardless of the paradigm that was used (for reviews, see McEwen and Magarinos, 1997;Fuchs and Bode, 2006;Holmes and Wellman, 2009;Roozendaal et al, 2009;Shansky and Morrison, 2009). In most areas (e.g., CA3 or infralimbic cortical pyramidal neurons), dendritic complexity was found to be reduced.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Time Domains of Corticosteroid Hormone Influences on Brain Activity: Rapid, Slow, and Chronic Modes

2012

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Stressing Out Over Survival: Glutamine as an Apoptotic Modulator

Cited by 98 publications

References 139 publications

Utilização da glutamina no tratamento de lesões de isquemia e reperfusão no jejuno em eqüinos

Utilização da glutamina no tratamento de lesões de isquemia e reperfusão no jejuno em eqüinos

Role of Host Cell-Derived Amino Acids in Nutrition of Intracellular Salmonella enterica

Unraveling the Time Domains of Corticosteroid Hormone Influences on Brain Activity: Rapid, Slow, and Chronic Modes

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