Stressors and chemical imbalances: Beliefs about the causes of depression in an acute psychiatric treatment sample

Schroder, Hans S.; Duda, Jessica M.; Christensen, Kirsten E.; Beard, Courtney; Björgvinsson, Thröstur

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.061

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…As per definition, anxiety is an emotional disorder characterised by feelings of tension and worried thoughts, whereas depression is a mental condition typically expressed as a lack of interest and pleasure in daily activities 62 . Differently from the anxious psychological state, depression has a biogenetic and cognitive‐behavioural etiology, 63 so it does not tend to potentiate a pre‐existing TMD. In our review, depression was less frequently distributed than anxiety.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of anxiety and depression among different subtypes of temporomandibular disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Reis

Laxe

Santos

et al. 2022

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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Background The evidence on the relationship between anxiety and depression and patients with distinct subtypes of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is uncertain, so a thorough review study on the topic is still missing. Objectives This systematic review investigated the distribution and severity of anxiety and depression in patients diagnosed with different subtypes of TMD. Methods The study is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020150562) and it followed the PRISMA 2020 Statement. We searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and SciELO databases (last search: 12 March 2021) and the reference list from the included studies. Study eligibility criteria consisted of: (i) patients diagnosed with TMD using the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC/TMD) or Diagnostic Criteria (DC/TMD) instruments; (ii) assessment of anxiety and/or depression with validated psychological instruments and (iii) allocation of patients into a minimum of two distinct TMD subtypes with at least one group having myofascial pain (comparison group). Analyses were carried out using RevMan 5.3.5 statistical package and random‐ or fixed‐effects models (α = 0.05). The quality of evidence was assessed based on review authors' judgment derived from a 10‐item appraisal tool for prevalence studies and with the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Results Of the 4086 records identified in total, 24 were eligible for inclusion; meta‐analyses were conducted with 20 studies. In total, 3678 subjects were included in the review. Most of the studies found that patients with myofascial pain showed similar occurrence and severity of anxiety/depression as compared to other subtypes of TMD, although the average prevalence seemed to be higher among the diagnoses consisting of myofascial pain (muscular TMD). Despite the moderate‐to‐high heterogeneity, anxiety and depression were more frequently distributed within patients with myofascial pain (p = .001). TMD patients without myofascial pain presented less severe levels of anxiety and depression than patients with only myofascial pain (p ≤ .01). The type of psychological instrument seems to affect the assessment of both anxiety and depression emotional states. Conclusion The findings of this review suggest that patients with myofascial pain are more anxious and more depressed than patients with other subtypes of TMD. Implications Considering that anxiety and depression are differently distributed within the TMD population, a proper assessment of the psychological state of patients seems essential to offer an adequate treatment and management of each specific subtype of TMD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of anxiety and depression among different subtypes of temporomandibular disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Reis

Laxe

Santos

et al. 2022

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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“…Indeed, Mintzberg (1978, p. 934) defined strategy as “a pattern in a stream of decisions”, where these decisions ultimately lead to particular entrepreneurial actions or behaviors to achieve the performance goals set. Furthermore, Schröder et al. (2020) highlight the need to achieve a better understanding of the impact of an individual’s characteristics on entrepreneurial outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical and social aspirations: influence of SME key decision makers’ resilience, social skills and stress on attaining firm performance goals

Gibb

Scott

Teo

et al. 2022

IJEBR

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PurposeThis paper examines how some specific psychological characteristics and stress levels of small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) key decision-makers (founders/managers) (KDMs) influence firm goal attainment based on two firm aspiration types.Design/methodology/approachThis study hypothesizes that perceived resilience, social skills (self-promotion, ingratiation, expressiveness, social adaptability), and stress of SME KDMs will differently influence firm performance goal achievement based on firm historical versus social aspirations. IBM AMOS v27 is used to test these hypotheses on survey data of 267 Australian SME KDMs.FindingsThe study reveals that KDMs’ perceived resilience, social skills and stress differentially impact the achievement of firm performance goals when selecting firm-level historical and social aspirations. Resilience and some specific social skills can even have a detrimental effect on achieving firm goals when applying historical and social aspirations. Historical aspirations are based on the firm’s performance history, while social aspirations are based on the performance of a reference group of competitor firms. The differences in the relationship between these characteristics and the two aspiration types are also explained. Furthermore, the study reveals the important role of perceived stress levels in achieving firm performance goals, using both aspiration types.Originality/valueThis study is the first to investigate how the perceived use of some specific psychological characteristics of SME KDMs influence the ability to meet firm performance goals based on the discretionary use of historical and social aspirations and the relationship between these aspiration types. In this context, the paper explains the reasons for the differences and similarities in their use. Thus, this study provides an important empirical contribution to research on the emergent domain of micro-foundational SME goals.

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“…These beliefs are unfortunate from a practical viewpoint as well because prognostic beliefs often predict treatment outcomes (Rutherford, Wager, & Roose, 2010). That is, pessimistic expectancies can become self‐fulfilling prophecies: Neurobiological causal attributions are associated with both lower treatment expectations and poorer psychosocial treatment outcomes in depression (Schroder et al., 2020). Our findings suggest that part of the reason for these effects may lie in the intuitive theories people use for reasoning about the mind and brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodualism: People Assume that the Brain Affects the Mind more than the Mind Affects the Brain

2021

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People commonly think of the mind and the brain as distinct entities that interact, a view known as dualism. At the same time, the public widely acknowledges that science attributes all mental phenomena to the workings of a material brain, a view at odds with dualism. How do people reconcile these conflicting perspectives? We propose that people distort claims about the brain from the wider culture to fit their dualist belief that minds and brains are distinct, interacting entities: Exposure to cultural discourse about the brain as the physical basis for the mind prompts people to posit that mind–brain interactions are asymmetric, such that the brain is able to affect the mind more than vice versa. We term this hybrid intuitive theory neurodualism. Five studies involving both thought experiments and naturalistic scenarios provided evidence of neurodualism among laypeople and, to some extent, even practicing psychotherapists. For example, lay participants reported that “a change in a person's brain” is accompanied by “a change in the person's mind” more often than vice versa. Similarly, when asked to imagine that “future scientists were able to alter exactly 25% of a person's brain,” participants reported larger corresponding changes in the person's mind than in the opposite direction. Participants also showed a similarly asymmetric pattern favoring the brain over the mind in naturalistic scenarios. By uncovering people's intuitive theories of the mind–brain relation, the results provide insights into societal phenomena such as the allure of neuroscience and common misperceptions of mental health treatments.

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Stressors and chemical imbalances: Beliefs about the causes of depression in an acute psychiatric treatment sample

Cited by 38 publications

References 46 publications

Distribution of anxiety and depression among different subtypes of temporomandibular disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Distribution of anxiety and depression among different subtypes of temporomandibular disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Historical and social aspirations: influence of SME key decision makers’ resilience, social skills and stress on attaining firm performance goals

Neurodualism: People Assume that the Brain Affects the Mind more than the Mind Affects the Brain

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